来源:Robert E. Sallis,医学博士,美国加利福尼亚州丰塔纳凯撒医疗集团
肩部检查继续评估肩袖肌群和肱二头肌腱的力量。肩袖肌群(冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和肩胛下肌)起到加压作用,将肱骨头稳定在关节盂上。肩袖肌腱的损伤和退变是导致肩部疼痛最常见的原因。
通过检查者施加阻力来测试肩袖肌群的力量…
1. 肩袖肌群的力量测试
使用抗阻运动评估肩袖肌力。应测试以下抗阻运动:
2. 肩峰下疼痛综合征(SAPS)的特殊检查
这些体征用于诊断肩峰下疼痛综合征(SAPS)。通过被动活动肩关节至以下特定位置,并观察是否出现疼痛或活动受限,可诱发三种体征。
3. 不稳定性测试
可进行多种检查以评估盂肱关节的不稳定性。这些检查包括:
4. 下颚须测试
1. 肩袖肌群的力量测试
使用抗阻运动评估肩袖肌力。应测试以下抗阻运动:
2. 肩峰下疼痛综合征(SAPS)的特殊检查
这些体征用于诊断肩峰下疼痛综合征(SAPS)。通过被动活动肩关节至以下特定位置,并观察是否出现疼痛或活动受限,可诱发三种体征。
3. 不稳定性测试
可进行多种检查以评估盂肱关节的不稳定性。这些检查包括:
4. 下颚须测试
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Q1: What are the four rotator cuff muscles and what do they do?
The rotator cuff consists of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles. These muscles function as compressors, holding the humeral head firmly in place against the glenoid. Together, they stabilize the shoulder joint and enable controlled arm movement during physical activity.
Q2: How does strength testing help identify rotator cuff problems?
Strength testing involves applying resistance to specific shoulder motions while the examiner observes the patient's response. Pain during resisted motions suggests tendonitis, while weakness indicates a possible rotator cuff tear. This differentiation helps clinicians determine whether the problem is inflammatory or structural.
Q3: Why is bilateral comparison important in shoulder examination?
Comparing both shoulders allows clinicians to establish a baseline and identify abnormalities more accurately. The uninjured shoulder serves as the standard for evaluating the injured shoulder, provided it has not been injured as well. This side-to-side comparison improves diagnostic accuracy and helps detect subtle differences in strength or range.
Q4: What conditions does the shoulder exam II assess beyond rotator cuff strength?
After rotator cuff strength testing, the examiner tests for subacromial pain syndrome, shoulder instability, and labrum injury. These additional assessments provide a comprehensive evaluation of shoulder pathology. Together with strength testing, they help identify the specific source of shoulder pain and dysfunction.
Q5: Why are rotator cuff injuries the most common source of shoulder pain?
Injury and degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons are the most common sources of shoulder pain because these muscles are essential for stabilizing and moving the shoulder joint. The rotator cuff endures significant stress during daily activities and sports. Overuse, aging, and trauma can damage these tendons, leading to pain and functional limitations.
Q6: What is the difference between pain and weakness in resisted shoulder motions?
Pain with resisted motions typically indicates tendonitis, an inflammatory condition of the rotator cuff tendons. Weakness during the same motions suggests a rotator cuff tear, representing structural damage to the muscle or tendon. This distinction guides treatment decisions and prognosis for the patient.
Q7: How does the shoulder exam II build on the initial shoulder examination?
Shoulder Exam II focuses on strength testing and specific pathology assessment, following the foundational shoulder exam palpation and range of motion evaluation. This progression allows clinicians to systematically assess shoulder function and identify dysfunction. The comprehensive two-part approach ensures thorough evaluation of all shoulder structures.