Question 1

What is the difference between primary and secondary intermittent IV infusions?

Accepted Answer

Primary intermittent IV infusions are delivered alone as volume-controlled infusions, while secondary infusions are delivered alongside another IV fluid, usually maintenance fluids. Both types are administered over a specific time period determined by medication type, such as IV antibiotics. The choice between primary or secondary delivery depends on medication compatibility and risk for patient harm.

Question 2

Why are infusion pumps used for high-volume IV medications?

Accepted Answer

Infusion pumps deliver IV fluids in a volume-controlled manner, keeping medication side effects to a minimum and helping prevent nurse medication errors. High-volume IV medications, ranging from 50 to 500 milliliters, are typically delivered using an infusion pump as either primary or secondary infusions to ensure accurate dosing and patient safety.

Question 3

What must be reviewed before administering an IV medication?

Accepted Answer

Before delivering an IV medication, carefully review medication compatibility with maintenance fluids using an approved medication drug guide, pharmacy recommendations in the Medication Administration Record (MAR), and physician orders. This assessment determines if primary or secondary delivery is appropriate based on risk for patient harm, such as with concentrated electrolyte preparations like potassium.

Question 4

What are the main components of an infusion pump?

Accepted Answer

An infusion pump consists of a main pump PC unit, which serves as the brain of the device, and interlocking modules or channels in which the IV tubing is contained. While specific brand designs may vary slightly, the general concepts and principles of infusion pump operation remain consistent across different pump brands.

Question 5

When is IV medication administration necessary instead of oral administration?

Accepted Answer

IV medication administration is required when certain medical conditions preclude oral fluid intake, specific medication preparations demand IV delivery, or situations require faster blood concentration increases than possible through the gastrointestinal tract. These circumstances necessitate direct intravenous administration to achieve therapeutic goals and patient safety.

Question 6

What steps are involved in preparing to administer a primary intermittent IV infusion?

Accepted Answer

Preparing a primary intermittent IV infusion involves acquiring the medication, priming the IV tubing, preparing the patient, and programming the infusion pump. Each step ensures proper medication delivery and pump function before administration begins, following the specific brand's procedures while maintaining consistent general principles.

Question 7

How do infusion pump principles apply across different pump brands?

Accepted Answer

While specific infusion pump brands may have slightly different operational steps, the general concepts and principles remain consistent across all pump brands. Understanding these foundational principles allows nurses to adapt their technique when using different pump models while maintaining safe, accurate medication administration practices.

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