Mars

Mars

Mars, often called the "Red Planet," is the fourth planet from the Sun and the most Earth-like planet in our solar system. Its reddish color comes from iron oxide, or rust, that coats its surface. Mars is home to the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, and deep valleys such as Valles Marineris. Scientists study the planet to understand its history, search for signs of water, and explore the potential for future human missions. Scientists can better predict how planetary environments evolve by studying Mars' climate, surface features, and evidence of past water.

Science and Engineering Practices (SEP): Developing and Using Models

Scientists develop and use models to describe and predict phenomena related to Mars. They create computer simulations to study how Mars’ thin atmosphere affects its climate, how its surface has changed over time, and how water may have once existed on the planet. By revising and improving models based on new data from Mars rovers and orbiters, scientists can better understand its geological history and potential for life.

Activity Ideas:

• Create a Mars Surface Model – Use sand, clay, and rocks to shape craters, valleys, and other landscape features to replicate the Martian terrain.
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  Compare Martian and Earth Weather – Discover how differences in atmospheric composition impact temperature and wind patterns on both planets.
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  Explore Mars Rovers – Research past missions, uncover their most significant discoveries, and design a rover model for future exploration.

Crosscutting Concept (CCC): Systems and System Models

Time, space, and energy are essential to understanding planetary bodies and can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. Scientists use models to study Mars because it is too far away for direct human exploration. They examine:

• The size and depth of craters compared to those on Earth.
• The proportion of different gases in Mars' atmosphere compared to Earth’s.
• The scale of seasonal changes in Martian weather.

By analyzing data and creating simulations, scientists can better understand Mars as a dynamic planet, revealing clues about its history, environment, and potential for life. Now you know how scientists use models to uncover Mars’s past, study its present conditions, and imagine future exploration.