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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Cancer Research
肾包膜肿瘤异种移植:一种生成实验动物模型以评估前列腺癌变的技术
肾包膜肿瘤异种移植:一种生成实验动物模型以评估前列腺癌变的技术
Encyclopedia of Experiments
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Encyclopedia of Experiments Cancer Research
Renal Capsule Tumor Xenografting: A Technique to Generate an Experimental Animal Model to Evaluate Prostate Carcinogenesis

肾包膜肿瘤异种移植:一种生成实验动物模型以评估前列腺癌变的技术

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2,890 Views
04:12 min
July 8, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Transcript

在肾包膜肿瘤异种移植中,将来自供体生物体的小块癌组织植入属于不同物种的免疫缺陷受体动物的肾脏中。

首先,在俯卧位准备免疫功能低下的麻醉小鼠。做一个小的背中线切口,轻轻地将皮肤与下面的肌肉壁分开。

将鼠标移至横向位置。通过肌肉壁观察肾脏轮廓,拉动分离的皮肤以定位肾脏。在肌肉壁上做一个小切口以暴露体腔。扩大切口以使肾脏外部化。

现在,在肾囊或肾脏的薄膜外层做一个小切口。使用圆边玻璃移液器,通过肾囊的切割边缘打开一个小口袋。将前列腺组织移植物插入口袋中。

轻轻地将肾脏推回体腔。缝合伤口,让小鼠恢复。定期监测动物以观察异种移植物。

肾组织高度血管化的微环境确保了氧气和营养物质的持续供应,有利于肿瘤块最终的成功植入和生长。

在开始外科手术之前,对所有必要的器械进行消毒并准备工作区域。一旦动物得到适当麻醉,用反复涂抹甜菜碱和酒精对手术部位进行消毒。

将

无菌窗帘贴在该区域后,进行 2 至 3 厘米的背中线切口。接下来,将下面的真皮与体壁分开。双侧移植时将切口的两侧分开,单侧移植时仅分开一侧切口。分离后,将小鼠置于侧卧位,并通过肌肉壁观察肾脏轮廓来定位肾脏。用拇指和食指轻轻按压可能有助于观察内脏器官。

使用细虹膜剪刀,注意避开主要血管和脊神经,在与脊柱平行的体壁上做一个 1 厘米的切口。将剪刀放入初始切口后,轻轻地将剪刀张开,将该切口加宽至 1.5 至 2 厘米。

通过在肾脏两侧的肌肉壁外施加轻柔的压力来使肾脏外部化。接下来,将皮肤边缘塞到外部肾脏下方,肾脏将靠在体壁上。如果还存在其他结构,可以轻轻地将它们塞进去。当肾脏外化时,通过使用无菌生理盐水来维持肾囊的水合作用。

轻轻提起肾囊并做一个 2 到 4 毫米的切口。切口的大小由移植物的大小决定,但应尽量减少以保持胶囊的完整性。将之前准备好的移液器的圆形封闭端插入与肾脏表面相切的胶囊下方。插入后,轻轻打开一个小口袋,用于移植物,小心不要损坏肾实质。组织移植物由手术切除期间获得的新鲜前列腺组织制备。

提起肾囊的切割边缘,并使用移液器吸头将移植物插入口袋中。可以将几个移植物放置在肾囊下方,并在肾脏表面均匀分布。移植完成后,轻轻抬起肌壁切口的两侧,将肾脏置换回体腔。确保移植物不会从胶囊下方滑出。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Renal Capsule - Protective layer enveloping kidney, ensuring organ integrity.
  • Adipose Capsule - Fatty layer around the kidney providing cushion against damage.
  • Sterilization - Process for eliminating/preventing any microorganisms on medical instruments.
  • Grafting - Surgical procedure to transplant tissue or organ in body.
  • Incision - A cut made during a surgery, size and location vary based on procedure.

Scientific Background

  • Introduction to Renal Capsule - The renal capsule is a transparent, fibrous membrane covering the exterior surface of the kidney (e.g., renal capsule).
  • Dprescription of Key Concepts - Delve into key concepts related to grafting, focusing on the placement and spacing on the kidney surface (e.g., grafting).
  • Explain Surgical Process - Overview on how incisions are made and the kidney is exteriorized for the procedure (e.g., incision).
  • Connect to Experiment - Describe the repositioning of the kidney and the completion of grafting in this procedure (e.g., surgery).

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • How is the renal capsule related to grafting procedures?
  • What role does sterilization play in these surgical procedures?
  • How are incisions made and managed during kidney surgeries?

Applications and Relevance

  • Practical Application - These techniques are used in kidney surgeries and transplantation procedures (e.g., surgery).
  • Industry Impact - Direct implications for healthcare, specifically in the field of organ transplantation (e.g., healthcare).
  • Societal Importance - Improves patient survival rate and quality of life after kidney surgery (e.g., patient care).
  • Scientific Advancements - Ongoing development of better surgical techniques and tools for safer procedures (e.g., medical research).

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