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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
Biological Techniques
吗啉介导的基因编辑:一种在单细胞洞穴鱼卵中使用翻译阻断吗啉寡核苷酸的基因敲低技术
吗啉介导的基因编辑:一种在单细胞洞穴鱼卵中使用翻译阻断吗啉寡核苷酸的基因敲低技术
Encyclopedia of Experiments
Biological Techniques
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Encyclopedia of Experiments Biological Techniques
Morpholino Mediated Gene Editing: A Gene Knockdown Technique Using Translational Blocking Morpholino Oligonucleotides in Single-Celled Cavefish Eggs

吗啉介导的基因编辑:一种在单细胞洞穴鱼卵中使用翻译阻断吗啉寡核苷酸的基因敲低技术

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03:30 min
July 8, 2025
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吗啉是短的、单链重新设计的寡核苷酸,与天然核苷酸相比,其磷酸骨架和糖结构存在差异。这些特征增强了吗啉在生理 pH 值下的稳定性。尽管存在这些变化,吗啉仍含有标准核碱基,这有助于设计寡核苷酸,以补充来自要敲低的所需靶基因的特定 mRNA 序列。

要进行吗啉驱动的基因编辑,首先将单细胞穴居鱼卵放置在琼脂糖注射板的孔内。可视化半透明和圆形的鸡蛋以定位卵黄囊 - 卵黄囊内存在的充满液体的结构。

取一个预先装有含有设计吗啉的溶液的显微注射针。将溶液直接注射到蛋黄中,确保吗啉进入细胞质。在细胞内,靶基因形成 mRNA,并将其转运到细胞质。

在

细胞质内,注射的吗啉与其互补的靶mRNA转录物在内源性起始位点杂交并延伸到细胞质之外。这个过程阻断了核糖体较大亚基与新生翻译起始复合物的结合,该复合物由与一些特定蛋白质复合的小核糖体亚基组成。

随后

,翻译起始复合物的进展受到空间阻碍,从而阻止 mRNA 翻译到蛋白质中。最后,由于吗啉的翻译阻断,目标蛋白质浓度降低。

注射当天,使用玻璃移液器将单细胞鸡蛋转移到注射板中,每排填充最多五排注射板 30 至 40 个鸡蛋。用少量鱼系统水保持鸡蛋水分。在冰上解冻吗啉,并制备注射液,以便每个鸡蛋注射400皮克吗啉,方法是使用长Microloader移液器吸头或在末端添加2至4微升推注。

当

所有针头都装好后,使用镊子从注射针尖上修剪多余的长度,并将第一根针头安装到连接到皮升显微注射器的显微纵器中。然后,将注射皿放在解剖显微镜下,并使用显微纵器用针刺入每个鸡蛋,然后将1纳升吗啉注射液直接注射到蛋黄中。

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