Name: 2012年4月：本月在朱庇特 (视频) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2012-04-01T00:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 13 s
Description: 了解2012年4月JoVE期刊的神经科学与生物学实验技术亮点。本文总结最新可视化实验方法，帮助研究人员掌握创新技术并推进科学研究发展。

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5 minutes

<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3646">用于体外分析和生物材料设计的丝素蛋白薄膜培养系统</a></h2>
Brian D. Lawrence1， Zhi Pan2， 1， Michael D. Weber1， David L. Kaplan3， Mark I. Rosenblatt1 1Margaret M. Dyson 视觉研究所，威尔康奈尔医学院，21Margaret M. Dyson 视觉研究所，威尔康奈尔医学院，3塔夫茨大学生物医学工程系
Silk 薄膜是一类新型生物材料，易于定制，可用于一系列生物医学应用。所提出的丝膜培养系统对各种体外分析具有高度适应性。该系统代表了一个生物材料设计平台，在直接转化为体内模型之前提供体外优化。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3666">使用冷冻损伤诱导成年斑马鱼心肌梗死</a></h2>
Fabian Chablais， Anna Jaźwińska 弗里堡大学动物学系生物系，瑞士弗里堡
斑马鱼是研究脊椎动物心脏再生机制的宝贵模型。在这里，我们提出了一种使用冷冻损伤诱导成年斑马鱼心肌梗塞的方案。这种方法导致脑室壁 20% 以内的大量细胞死亡，类似于在哺乳动物梗死中观察到的情况。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3680">使用 X 射线计算机断层扫描分割和测量小鼠肥胖模型中的脂肪体积</a></h2>
Todd A. Sasser1， Sarah E. Chapman2， Shengting Li1， Caroline Hudson2， Sean P. Orton1， Justin M. Diener3， Seth T. Gammon1， CarlosCorrecher4， W. Matthew Leevy2 1Carestream Molecular Imaging ， 2圣母大学化学与生物化学系 ， 3圣母大学弗莱曼生命科学中心 ， 4研发， Oncovision， GEM-Imaging S.A.
脂肪含量分析通常在使用小鼠肥胖模型的研究中进行。小动物 CT 成像和分析中的新兴方法正在提供纵向细节丰富的脂肪含量分析。在这里，我们详细介绍了执行小动物 CT 成像、分析和可视化的分步程序。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3793">妇科癌症立体定向放射外科</a></h2>手术
Charles Kunos1， James M. Brindle1， Robert Debernardo2 1大学医院凯斯医学中心和凯斯西储大学医学院放射肿瘤学系， 2妇产科、妇科肿瘤科、大学医院凯斯医学中心和凯斯西储大学医学院
立体定向放射治疗 （SBRT） 涉及对化疗或常规放射治疗无效的癌症靶点进行图像引导的消融放射治疗。机械臂射波刀 SBRT 系统使用复杂的靶标定位，提供能够对癌症靶标进行消毒的大分割辐射剂量。本文将考虑 SBRT 对妇科癌症的新治疗作用。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3992">化学分层南极湖中微生物真核富集培养物的建立和固碳潜力的评估</a></h2>
Jenna M. Dolhi， Nicholas Ketchum， Rachael M. Morgan-Kiss 迈阿密大学微生物学系 
微生物真核生物既是光合作用衍生碳的来源，也是永久冰雪覆盖的南极湖泊中的顶级掠食性物种。本报告描述了一种从南极湖邦尼湖分离代谢通用微生物真核生物的富集培养方法，并使用放射性同位素测定法评估核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸酯羧化酶加氧酶 （RubisCO） 活性的无机固碳潜力。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/4008">荧光染料对神经、束和脊髓根的逆行加载</a></h2>
Dvir Blivis， 美国国立卫生研究院国家神经疾病和中风研究所Michael J. O'Donovan 发育神经生物学部
我们描述了一种简单且低成本的技术，用于使用聚乙烯抽吸移液管将高浓度的荧光和钙敏感染料引入神经元或任何神经元束。
<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/3823">用于研究单纯疱疹病毒潜伏期和再激活的原代神经元培养系统</a></h2>
Mariko Kobayashi1， Ju-Youn Kim1， Vladimir Camarena2， Pamela C. Roehm3， Moses V. Chao4， 2， 5， 6， 7， Angus C. Wilson1， Ian Mohr1 1纽约大学医学院微生物学系， 2纽约大学医学院斯基尔博尔生物分子医学研究所分子神经生物学项目， 3纽约大学医学院耳鼻喉科， 4纽约大学医学院细胞生物学系， 5纽约大学医学院生理学和神经科学系， 6纽约大学医学院精神病学系，纽约大学医学院神经科学中心 7
该协议描述了一种高效且可重复的模型系统，用于研究 1 型单纯疱疹病毒 （HSV-1） 潜伏期和再激活。该检测采用均相交感神经元培养物，并允许使用各种工具（包括 RNA 干扰和重组蛋白表达）对病毒-神经元相互作用进行分子解剖。

No conflicts of interest declared.

april 2012: this month in jove

April 2012: This Month in JoVE

The April issue of the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) includes an article that follows a lab from the University of Miami of Ohio to Lake Bonney - a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. Few organisms can survive the harsh conditions under the ice, where light, warmth, and carbon sources are in very short supply. Single celled microorganisms called protists are the major class of microbes living beneath Lake Bonney, and are capable of bringing carbon, via photosynthesis, into the circle of life.
After determining the appropriate sampling site, our authors drill and melt through the ice so that they can collect samples from various depths within the lake&#x2019;s chemically stratified water column. Once collected, samples are taken to a field laboratory for filtration and stabilization. After processing, microbes present in the water sample are cultured for further experimentation. For example, our authors show that their enrichment cultures retain photosynthetic activity, and future experiments should help better understand protist physiology, as well as how such organisms can affect global geochemical cycling.
In Clinical and Translational Medicine, JoVE turns its attention to stereotactic body radiotherapy, or SBRT, for the treatment of gynecological tumors. SBRT is a minimally invasive form of cancer treatment that relies on radiation, delivered by a linear accelerator mounted on a robotic arm, to biologically inactivate tumors.
Our authors, from Case Medical Center, explain how gold soft tissue fiducial markers are placed around the cancer target at various depths based on computed tomography imaging. During a treatment planning session, CT and PET images are taken and then co-registered. Guided by these images, both radiation and gynecological oncologists designate the cancer volumes that will be targeted during therapy as well as contour surrounding normal structures that should be left unharmed. At the start of treatment, a target localizing system detects the fiducial markers via cross-plane radiographic imaging and marker location is compared with previously obtained imaging data.
During treatment, light emitting diodes track a patient&#x2019;s movement, in order to correlate their breathing pattern to the location of the fiducial markers, so that radiation can be delivered accurately. Overcoming the complications associated with patient immobilization, our authors show that their procedure for stereotaxic body radiotherapy can precisely deliver radiation to the target volume while limiting dosage to nearby structures.
In our Bioengineering section, JoVE presents an article, which involves making biocompatible substrates from silkworm cocoons. First, cocoons are screened for contamination and processed so that silk extract is produced. Extract is placed atop a PDMS mold, which has been designed to create a pattern in the silk film drying on its surface. Once dried, the silk film is subjected to a process referred to as water annealing, which renders the film transparent and perfect for microscopy. Following cell seeding on the films, our authors show that tracking cell migration on the micro-patterned silk substrate is just as easy as on more conventional tissue culture surfaces. The biocompatibility of silk films as well as their potential to be chemically and structurally modified makes them attractive candidate materials for in vivo applications, like medical device design.
Surprisingly, primary neuronal culture makes its way into our Immunology and Infection section, because this April, JoVE documents an innovative primary sympathetic neuron culture system used to study herpes simplex virus latency and activation.
Peripheral neurons act like reservoirs for the herpes virus that are the source of reactivation events. To establish a peripheral neuron culture, superior cervical ganglia are isolated from embryonic mice and following digestion and dissociation are plated in 96 well plates. At around day 6 in vitro, herpes viruses encoding a viral-GFP fusion protein are added to the cells along with an inhibitor of lytic replication. Upon inhibitor withdrawal, latent virus will reactivate and GFP expression will be observable via fluorescent microscopy. By counting the number of wells exhibiting GFP fluorescence, the ability of small molecules or gene silencing oligonucleotides to either suppress or induce viral reactivation can be tested, making this assay a potential tool to uncover new therapeutics to help manage HSV-1 infection.
This brief summary describes only four of the fifty articles JoVE will release in April. Other notable releases include methods for quantifying obesity in rats using x-ray computed tomography, inducing myocardial infarction in the zebrafish heart, and retrograde labeling of the excised spinal cord. Stay tuned.

Here are some highlights from the April 2012 Issue of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

The April issue of the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) includes an article that follows a lab from the University of Miami of Ohio to Lake Bonney ...

Research

科研

JoVE Journal

Biology

生物学

2012年4月：本月在朱庇特

了解2012年4月JoVE期刊的神经科学与生物学实验技术亮点。本文总结最新可视化实验方法，帮助研究人员掌握创新技术并推进科学研究发展。

2012年4月：本月在朱庇特 (视频) | JoVE Journal

Aaron Kolski-Andreaco

April 2012: This Month in JoVE

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