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JoVE Journal
Bioengineering
可生物降解聚合物颗粒的淋巴内结注射
可生物降解聚合物颗粒的淋巴内结注射
JoVE Journal
Bioengineering
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Bioengineering
Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

可生物降解聚合物颗粒的淋巴内结注射

Full Text
15,234 Views
09:06 min
January 2, 2014

DOI: 10.3791/50984-v

James I. Andorko*1, Lisa H. Tostanoski*1, Eduardo Solano1, Maryam Mukhamedova1, Christopher M. Jewell1

1Fischell Department of Bioengineering,University of Maryland, College Park

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a technique for delivering biomaterial vaccine particles directly into lymph nodes via injection. The method aims to enhance vaccine efficacy by controlling the release and combination of vaccine components within the lymph node microenvironment.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development
  • Biomaterials

Background

  • Lymph nodes play a crucial role in orchestrating immune responses.
  • Targeting lymph nodes is essential for effective vaccine delivery.
  • Biomaterials can improve the targeting and release of vaccine components.
  • Understanding local lymph node signaling is vital for systemic immune responses.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a method for direct injection of biomaterial particles into lymph nodes.
  • To assess the impact of biomaterials on lymph node organization and immune signaling.
  • To explore new therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disorders.

Methods Used

  • Synthesis of lipid-stabilized polymer particles using a double emulsion method.
  • Administration of a tracer dye for lymph node visualization.
  • Direct injection of polymer particles into identified lymph nodes.
  • Histological and imaging techniques to confirm particle presence and distribution.

Main Results

  • Successful delivery of polymer particles into inguinal lymph nodes.
  • Controlled release of vaccine components observed in the lymph node microenvironment.
  • Particle size and distribution confirmed through various analytical methods.
  • Potential applications for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies highlighted.

Conclusions

  • The direct injection technique allows for precise control over vaccine delivery.
  • Biomaterials can significantly influence local immune responses.
  • This approach may lead to advancements in vaccine development for various diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of targeting lymph nodes in vaccination?
Targeting lymph nodes is crucial as they are central to initiating and regulating immune responses, making vaccines more effective.
How are the polymer particles synthesized?
The polymer particles are synthesized using a double emulsion method, which stabilizes the lipid and polymer components.
What techniques are used to confirm particle presence?
Histology, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy are employed to confirm the presence and distribution of particles in lymph nodes.
What are the potential applications of this technique?
This technique can be applied to develop new therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disorders.
What role do biomaterials play in vaccine delivery?
Biomaterials enhance the targeting and controlled release of vaccine components, improving the overall efficacy of the vaccine.
How does the study contribute to immunology?
The study provides insights into how biomaterials affect local lymph node signaling, linking it to systemic immune responses.

淋巴结是协调免疫反应的免疫组织,是疫苗的关键目标。生物材料已被用于更好地瞄准淋巴结和控制抗原或辅助剂的传递。本文描述了一种将这些想法相结合的技术,将生物相容的聚合物颗粒注入淋巴结。

该程序的总体目标是使用直接注射技术将生物材料疫苗颗粒沉积到淋巴结中。首先,使用液法合成脂质稳定的聚合物颗粒。然后清洗颗粒并测量材料特性,例如尺寸、货物、负载或稳定性。

接下来,在小鼠的尾部施用示踪染料,以便在染料引流到淋巴结后进行可视化。最后一步是识别 D 标记的淋巴结并在该位置注射少量聚合物颗粒。组织学、免疫荧光和共聚焦显微镜检查可用于确认腹股沟淋巴结中颗粒的存在和分布。

将淋巴结直接注射与用于疫苗接种的生物材料相结合,可以严格控制淋巴结微环境中疫苗成分的组合和剂量,并允许在这些组织中控制货物的释放。所有疫苗都必须到达淋巴结才能有效。因此,定义生物材料和整合的免疫线索如何影响局部淋巴结信号传导对于将这些事件与全身免疫反应联系起来非常重要。

这些知识将帮助我们更好地了解生物材料疫苗如何沿传统途径给药。尽管生物材料的淋巴结内递送是研究生物材料对淋巴结组织影响的工具,但该平台也为开发针对癌症和自身免疫性疾病的新型治疗性疫苗和免疫疗法提供了应用机会。对于超声处理的微粒,含有聚合物脂质和其他水不溶物的有机相在冰上,功率为 12 瓦。

要制备水和油乳液,请添加 500 微升蒸馏 H 2 O 或含有 1 毫克肽蛋白或其他水溶性货物的 H 2 O 。继续淫乱 30 秒。在试验器尖端周围轻轻地上下左右摇动样品瓶,以确保完全乳化。

现在,将水油乳剂倒入 40 毫升 H2O 中,以 16, 000 RPM 匀浆 3 分钟,制备水包油乳剂。接下来,加入磁力搅拌棒,将水和油包水乳液搅拌过夜,以去除溶剂过夜后去除多余的溶剂。通过 40 微米尼龙网孔过滤器将乳液倒入 50 毫升锥形管离心机中 5 分钟,倒出上清液,将颗粒重悬于 1 毫升水中,然后将悬浮颗粒转移到 1.5 毫升微量离心管中。

通过离心 5 分钟收集颗粒。通过激光衍射或光散射测量颗粒粒度。她,添加到馏分池中的水的体积足以对齐和空白,移液管将 10 微升颗粒悬浮液移入馏分池中。

关闭粒度分析仪室门。然后测量 PLGA 的粒径。使用折射率 1.60。

使用软件界面在注射前 1 天使用数字基础计算颗粒直径。根据 iacuc 批准的动物方案麻醉小鼠。评估脚趾的麻醉深度。

捏反射测试并监测呼吸,以确保呼吸频率为每分钟 100 至 120 次。剃掉尾巴根部和后肢的毛发。去除动物腹侧的毛发,然后横向绕到后腿关节上方的背侧。

对于每次染料注射,使用微量移液器将 10 微升染料溶液转移到微中心离心管中,然后通过 31 号针头将整个 10 微升吸入 1 毫升胰岛素注射器中。现在在尾部底座的每一侧皮下注射 10 微升染料溶液,以便在两次注射之间加载。涂抹温和的脱毛膏以去除剩余的毛发。

一定要涂上后腿和腹部之间的区域。三分钟后,用戴着湿手套的手蘸温热的 H two oh,然后将脱毛霜轻轻擦入皮肤。立即重复以去除多余的脱毛剂。

接下来,用温水弄湿软布或纸巾,然后一次性擦拭鼠标的下部。将鼠标放在加热灯下恢复,然后恢复保持至少 12 小时。检查麻醉的小鼠以确认微量或染料引流到每个腹股沟淋巴结中。

淋巴结应在大腿后部和腹部附近显示为黑点。现在,resus 将颗粒重悬于蒸馏水中,每次注射时所需的注射浓度。使用微量移液器将 10 微升颗粒溶液转移到微量离心管中。

将全部 10 μL 吸入连接到 1 毫升注射器的 31 号胰岛素针头中。用针头与皮肤成 90 度角拉紧染色淋巴结周围的皮肤。穿透皮肤至 1 毫米的深度。

缓慢注射整个体积监测,以监测可见的淋巴结肿大。让鼠标在加热灯下恢复,然后返回保持或进行其他测试。首先,确认颗粒合成和粒度分布。

乳液溶剂蒸发合成方案可以通过目视检查最终乳液来定性评估。生成。乳液应为均质、无可见聚集体的悬浮液。零件粒度分布可以通过激光衍射或动态光散射来确认,颗粒样品应表现出单峰分布。

可以通过修改方案以掺入一个或多个荧光货物(例如荧光肽或亲脂性染料)来实现对颗粒合成的进一步定性评估。染料可用于定位和靶向淋巴结以进行颗粒注射 在训练期间,小鼠可能会被安乐死并在注射染料后进行尸检,以熟悉淋巴结位置。通过切片和染色淋巴结的共聚焦显微镜检查来确认感染淋巴结的 t 细胞和 b 细胞区内的颗粒分布。

通过荧光显微镜进行注射和成像后,可以在淋巴结中观察到颗粒特性(如大小)的差异一旦掌握,这项技术就可以在两天内完成。颗粒合成和动物准备在第一天进行。第二天进行颗粒洗涤表征和淋巴结内注射。

观看此视频后,您应该对如何使用痕量或染料来可视化和注射小鼠的腹股沟淋巴结有很好的了解。该技术能够将生物材料疫苗载体以非手术方式直接输送到淋巴结,其控制水平是以前无法实现的。生物材料的直接淋巴结递送将使科学家和工程师以及免疫学和疫苗开发能够探索生物材料、疫苗和免疫信号与淋巴结的基本相互作用,从而为这些材料刺激和塑造免疫力的机制提供新的思路。

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