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Biology
幼虫RNA干扰在赤拟谷盗,赤拟谷盗
幼虫RNA干扰在赤拟谷盗,赤拟谷盗
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
Larval RNA Interference in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

幼虫RNA干扰在赤拟谷盗,赤拟谷盗

Full Text
16,825 Views
11:00 min
October 13, 2014

DOI: 10.3791/52059-v

David M. Linz*1, Courtney M. Clark-Hachtel*1, Ferran Borràs-Castells*1, Yoshinori Tomoyasu1

1Department of Biology,Miami University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article discusses a larval RNA interference (RNAi) technique used in Tribolium castaneum research. The method allows for efficient gene knockdown, enabling the study of gene functions in various contexts.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Insect Physiology

Background

  • RNA interference is a powerful tool for gene knockdown.
  • Tribolium castaneum serves as a model organism in genetic studies.
  • Larval stages are particularly amenable to RNAi techniques.
  • This method provides rapid access to loss-of-function phenotypes.

Purpose of Study

  • To outline a protocol for gene knockdown in Tribolium castaneum larvae.
  • To demonstrate the advantages of larval RNAi over other methods.
  • To facilitate the study of gene functions in developmental contexts.

Methods Used

  • Isolation of larvae from culture for injection.
  • Preparation of double-stranded RNA solution for injection.
  • Injection of RNA solution into the larval body cavity under a microscope.
  • Analysis of RNAi-related phenotypes to assess gene function.

Main Results

  • The injection technique allows for efficient gene knockdown.
  • Phenotypic analysis reveals the functions of targeted genes.
  • Demonstrated applicability to various stages of development.
  • Visual demonstration is crucial for successful implementation.

Conclusions

  • Larval RNAi is a simple and effective method for gene knockdown.
  • This technique can be adapted for other insect species.
  • Further studies can enhance understanding of gene functions in insects.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is RNA interference?
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, effectively silencing targeted genes.
Why use Tribolium castaneum for RNAi studies?
Tribolium castaneum is a well-established model organism that allows researchers to study genetic functions and developmental processes in insects.
What are the advantages of larval RNAi?
Larval RNAi provides quick access to loss-of-function phenotypes and can be applied at various developmental stages, making it a versatile tool for genetic studies.
How is the RNA solution prepared for injection?
The RNA solution is prepared by pipetting the desired concentration into a trimmed pipette tip, which is then loaded into a glass needle for injection.
What challenges might researchers face when using this technique?
New users may struggle with needle preparation and ensuring the correct amount of RNA is injected without harming the larvae.
Is visual demonstration important for this technique?
Yes, visual demonstration is critical as the injection and needle preparation steps are complex and best learned through observation.

RNA干扰(RNAi)技术为基础的基因敲除技术是在赤研究的核心。这里,我们提供了在赤拟谷盗我们的幼虫RNAi技术的概览。幼虫RNAi是一种简单,但功能强大的技术,可以快速访问功能丧失的表型,使研究人员能够研究基因的功能在不同的上下文中。

该程序的总体目标是通过将双链 RNA 溶液注射到幼虫体腔中,通过红花甲虫 trium cadium 中的 RNA 干扰敲低目标基因。这是通过首先通过筛选培养花并将幼虫与种子盘上的甲虫其他阶段分离,从培养物中分离出幼虫的适当阶段来实现的。第二步是制备注射针,方法是折断针尖,将其放在针架上,然后将所需浓度的双链 RNA 溶液前装入针中。

接下来,授权分离的幼虫并将幼虫放在粘性载玻片上。最后一步是在解剖显微镜下用双链 RNA 溶液注射幼虫。最终,分析所需阶段的 RNAi 相关表型以确定目标基因的功能。

与现有方法(如神经发生或转基因)相比,该技术的主要优点是,只需将双峰链 RNA 溶液简单地注射到甲虫体腔中,就可以在 bedo 发育的任何所需阶段诱导有效和持久的基因敲低。尽管此处描述的方案将侧重于 trium castin 幼虫并进行一些修改,但注射程序可应用于 trium、castin 和其他昆虫的其他阶段。通常,刚接触这种方法的个体将难以制作一根好的针头并在不杀死幼虫的情况下注射适量的双链 RNA 溶液。

该技术的视觉演示至关重要,因为双联链 RNA 注射和针头制备步骤难以描述,只能通过观察和实践来学习 培养.选择的茶叶品种如随附的文本协议中所述。立即将一个甲虫培养瓶倒在 25 号筛子上,并积极筛选以收集较老的幼虫、蛹和成虫。

然后将甲虫连同 exus 一起转移到种子盘中,敲击以防止甲虫逃脱。现在,轻轻吹过籽盘,去除甲虫表面的外腔和花颗粒。轻敲种子盘以沉淀。

内容。等待更灵活的成虫从堆中出来并将它们移开以分离蛹角,平底锅略微向下。轻轻敲击以滚动并取出蛹,只将幼虫留在种子盘上。

现在将分离的幼虫放入干净的培养皿中。在显微镜下选择所需的幼虫阶段进行注射,并将它们保存在培养皿中直至授权。将甲虫的剩余阶段混合并将它们放回培养瓶中。

将拉出的玻璃针连接到玻璃显微镜上。在解剖显微镜下载玻片。找到尖端弯曲的位置。

稍微向尖端侧抓住该区域并扭转以打破以实现幼虫角质层的最佳渗透,选择直径约为 0.05 毫米的斜口针。现在拧下持针器的尖端。将针头的后端放入支架尖端,并将橡胶垫圈放入支架尖端下方。

然后将针的背面插入支架,确保橡胶垫圈插入开口中。将尖端拧回支架上。现在将组装好的持针器放在针纵器上。

调整位置,使针尖在显微镜视野下居中。在注射前准备双链 RNA 溶液。切开 20 μL 一次性移液器吸头的尖端。

现在将 10 微升溶液移液到修剪后的移液器吸头中。小心地从移液器中取出移液器吸头,同时通过提供背压将液体保持在吸头处。将装有双链 RNA 溶液的移液器吸头放在显微镜载物台上。

通过显微镜观察,缓慢地将加载的尖端移向针头,直到针头的尖端刚好位于加载的移液器尖端内并进入溶液中。然后轻轻向后拉注射注射器的柱塞,将溶液缓慢拉入针头,而不会使针头超负荷。当 DS RNA 溶液的末端接近针尖时,减慢拉动速度并在针尖接触空气之前停止加载溶液,以避免快速吸收到针架中。

打开旋塞阀以消除注射注射器和针架的压力。然后将移液器吸头从针尖移开。现在将针头抬高载物台,并从显微镜载物台上取下空的移液器吸头。

将幼虫放入 e 授权篮中,然后将篮子放入乙醚瓶中并盖上盖子。三分钟后,检查幼虫是否有活动。如果它们仍在移动,请将它们放回乙醚瓶中再放置 30 秒。

将 E 授权的幼虫从篮子转移到粘性载玻片的不粘边缘。将幼虫依次转移到载玻片上。将每个都横向放置。

用镊子从头到尾轻轻敲击身体,然后轻轻拉伸以将幼虫固定在载玻片上。现在将准备好的载玻片放在显微镜载物台上。将双链 RNA 负载针轻轻插入幼虫的背面,使用载物台将幼虫移动到针头上。

然后将 DS RNA 的针头稍微向后拉。要进入幼虫体腔,请轻轻推动注射注射器,直到幼虫变成绿色,看起来伸展和饱满。接下来,从幼虫身上取下针头,同时轻轻向后拉注射注射器。

注射载玻片上的所有幼虫。确保去除未成功注射的幼虫。将注射的幼虫放在一边,直到所有幼虫从 E 授权中恢复。

现在轻轻地将幼虫从头到尾提起,转移到干净的培养皿中,让它们至少停留 10 分钟,让注射伤口凝结。然后培养,在 30 摄氏度和 70% 湿度下注射幼虫。定期观察幼虫的 RNAI 表型。

这些例子显示了使用适当尺寸的注射针将绿色双链 RNA 溶液注射到最后一龄幼虫中的不同成功率。针尖以最小的阻力穿透幼虫角质层,绿色的 DS RNA 溶液流入幼虫中,没有任何泄漏。在 PU 11 菌株中,增强的黄色荧光蛋白可作为双链 RNA 注射实验的良好阳性对照。

当 EYFP DS RNA 在最后幼虫阶段注射时,最早在注射后 1 天就可以观察到未来翅膀原始 EYFP 信号的显着降低。通常在注射后两天可以观察到 EYFP 表达的敲低,如果 DS RNA 浓度足够高,则会持续到瞳孔阶段和甲虫的整个生命周期。由于 EYFP 是非内源性基因序列,因此该基因也可用作阴性对照,不应引起形态或生理破坏。

在这个实验中,将用于退化的双链 RNA,一个关键的翅膀基因注射到倒数第二阶段的幼虫中。请注意,在瞳孔阶段可以观察到翅膀结构的完全丧失。由此产生的成虫也完全缺乏翅膀结构。

一旦掌握,如果按照此程序正确执行,该技术可以在不到两个小时的时间内完成。可以进行其他方法,例如定量实时 PCR、原位杂交或免疫组织化学,以回答其他问题,例如靶向基因发育后哪些基因受调节。这项技术为研究人员在不使用复杂的遗传学技术的情况下在 traum casten 中进行功能丧失分析和胚胎后阶段铺平了道路。

这种方法的简单性也使其高度适用于教学环境。看完这个视频,你应该对如何选择合适的爱心注射阶段,如何制作注射针,成功进行允许的双标RNA注射有了很好的了解。该协议将允许您通过 Trium 中的水平 RNI 评估基因的功能。

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