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JoVE Journal
Developmental Biology
操作和在体外成熟非洲爪蟾卵母细胞,其次是胞浆内单精子注射,研究胚胎发育
操作和在体外成熟非洲爪蟾卵母细胞,其次是胞浆内单精子注射,研究胚胎发育
JoVE Journal
Developmental Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Developmental Biology
Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

操作和在体外成熟非洲爪蟾卵母细胞,其次是胞浆内单精子注射,研究胚胎发育

Full Text
23,599 Views
09:22 min
February 9, 2015

DOI: 10.3791/52496-v

Kei Miyamoto1,2, David Simpson1,2, John B. Gurdon1,2

1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute,University of Cambridge, 2Department of Zoology,University of Cambridge

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a protocol for manipulating immature Xenopus laevis oocytes, facilitating their maturation to eggs and enabling intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The method allows for the degradation of maternal proteins and overexpression of specific genes at fertilization, providing insights into early embryonic development.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background

  • Xenopus laevis is a model organism for studying embryonic development.
  • Manipulation of oocytes can reveal the roles of specific proteins in development.
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a technique used to study fertilization processes.
  • Understanding maternal protein dynamics is crucial for developmental biology.

Purpose of Study

  • To knock down maternal proteins or overexpress genes of interest in oocytes.
  • To observe the effects of these manipulations on embryonic development.
  • To improve existing protocols for studying early development in frogs.

Methods Used

  • Injection of antisense oligos or mRNA into immature oocytes.
  • Induction of oocyte maturation using progesterone.
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection into matured eggs.
  • Observation of developmental outcomes to assess the effects of manipulations.

Main Results

  • Successful degradation of maternal proteins and overexpression of target genes.
  • Development of injected oocytes to swimming tadpoles as a functional test.
  • Demonstration of the technique's advantages over traditional methods.
  • Insights into the roles of specific proteins during early embryonic stages.

Conclusions

  • The protocol provides a valuable tool for studying embryonic development in Xenopus laevis.
  • Manipulating maternal proteins can yield significant insights into developmental processes.
  • This method enhances the efficiency of studying gene function during early development.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of using Xenopus laevis in research?
Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism due to its large oocytes and well-characterized developmental stages, making it ideal for studying embryonic processes.
How does the injection of antisense oligos affect oocyte development?
Antisense oligos can degrade specific maternal proteins, allowing researchers to study the impact of these proteins on early embryonic development.
What are the advantages of this protocol over traditional methods?
This protocol eliminates the need for frog surgery and allows for more controlled manipulations of oocytes, enhancing experimental outcomes.
What is the role of progesterone in this protocol?
Progesterone induces the maturation of oocytes into eggs, which is a crucial step before fertilization can occur.
How can the success of the injection be assessed?
Success can be assessed by observing the development of injected oocytes into swimming tadpoles and monitoring cleavage patterns in embryos.

我们描述了纵非洲爪蟾未成熟卵母细胞的方法,卵母细胞体外成熟为卵子以及卵胞浆内单精子注射的方法。该方案允许在受精时降解一些母体蛋白质和过表达目标基因,因此对于研究特定因素在早期胚胎发育中的作用很有价值。

以下实验的目的是敲低储存在卵母细胞中的母体蛋白质或在青蛙卵受精点过表达感兴趣的蛋白质。这是通过将反义寡核苷酸或 mRNA 注射到酶促失调的未成熟卵母细胞中以降解或过表达特定蛋白质来实现的。作为第二步,将卵母细胞转移到含孕酮的培养基中,诱导卵母细胞成熟为卵子。

接下来,将精子注射到体外成熟的卵子中,以观察敲低或过表达对胚胎发育的影响。最终,将寡核苷酸注射的卵母细胞发育成游泳的蝌蚪是基因敲低或过表达的功能测试。与现有血管(如宿主转移)相比,该技术的主要优点是我们可以跳过青蛙手术过程 使用标准方案。

在含有 MBS 加 ps 的 9 厘米培养皿中收集含有健康细胞的 SAC 上的opus。然后将子房梳理成 1 到 2 厘米宽的方块。将大约 5 毫升撕裂的卵巢和细胞收集到一个新的 50 毫升试管中。

然后用 MBS 加 PS 冲洗组织几次,并将鸡蛋收集在 15 毫升新鲜的 MBS 加 ps 中。现在,向悬浮液中加入 7 个单位的落叶酶,并将悬浮液与温和的植被一起孵育,直到它们至少部分落叶。孵化后至少需要一个小时。

用 MBS 加 Ps 填充试管以终止反应。将溶液拉到管壁上,而不是直接拉到细胞上。让纸巾沉淀并丢弃汤和试剂。

小的、未成熟的细胞会漂浮,它们也应该被丢弃。洗涤后,重复此洗涤步骤总共 10 次。将细胞转移到含有 MBS 加 ps 的 9 厘米培养皿中。

将培养皿转移到解剖显微镜中,从这里开始,尽可能将细胞保持在 16 至 18 摄氏度。使用玻璃移液器通过 Dumont 分类选择高质量的第六阶段细胞,将它们收集到含有 MBS 加 ps 的新培养皿中。优质细胞在动物半球应具有均匀的色素沉着,并在动物半球和植物半球之间显示出明显的分离。

它们的大小也应大致相同,直径在 1.2 到 1.4 毫米之间。每次注射收集约 2 至 300 个细胞,每次实验约占 1000 个细胞。O 站点的质量是成功的关键。

如果 Oside 在准备过程中出现一些异常,我建议您纠正不同鸡群的子房并重新开始。在准备进样反义寡核苷酸时,将微量进样器的金属柱塞设置到最低位置,然后将装满油的玻璃毛细管插入金属柱塞上。在解剖显微镜下,使用小手术剪刀剪断针尖。

尽可能减少小费。下一个激光。显微镜载物台上的一条多开的封口,并在其上以每微升 1 微克的速度分配 3 微升核酸溶液。

用这个,填满针尖。如果空气被困住,则应将开口做得更大。现在在距离尖端约半毫米的注射针头上做一个可见的标记。

然后继续注射细胞,先注射一个,找到一个没有卵泡细胞的区域,针头可以穿透该区域。对准生发囊泡下方的中心点,沿赤道边界插入尖端。同时,用镊子在另一侧稳定细胞。

现在使用脚踏开关控制,弹出溶液,弹出 4.6 至 9.2 ng 的反义寡核苷酸或 250 pg 至 13.8 ng 的信使 RNA。注射所有细胞后,将它们转移到孵育培养基中,让它们孵育几天,以便进行更改。在蛋白酶体中。

之后,将含有最少量培养基的细胞转移到含有 5 至 8 毫升成熟培养基的 6 厘米 agris 涂层培养皿中。然后让细胞在该培养基中发育 16 小时,然后再注射精子。对于此协议,必须准备冷冻精子原液。

孵育

16 小时后查阅文本方案以成熟。非常小心地将细胞转移到一个 6 厘米长的鸡蛋毛涂层培养皿中,用 MBS 加 PS 将其洗掉。如果细胞处理不当,它们可能会在 ixy 之前自发激活。

现在,对成熟的细胞进行计数并寻找表明细胞生发囊泡已分解的白点。如果少于 80% 是好的,则他们集体不够健康,无法在 ixy 手术中存活。继续。

用注射培养基填充新培养皿,并在半小时后将所有细胞小心地转移到培养皿中。使用与寡核苷酸描述的相同的注射器制剂继续用精子溶液注射成熟细胞。理想情况下,注射液中每 4.6 纳升应有一到两个精子。

要测试这种注射液,以每毫升 0.3 μg DPI 的浓度滴取 DPI 溶液,然后将 4.6 纳升注入这些液滴中。然后通过荧光显微镜计算每滴中的精子数量。确认精子浓度后,向细胞注射 4.6 纳升精子溶液。

确保注射溶液所需的时间保持一致,并稳定注射卵母细胞,注射之间尽量减少暂停。每 100 次注射交换后,精子溶液。注射所有成熟的卵母细胞后,应将培养皿孵育 4 到 5 小时,然后进行检查。

对于经过卵裂的胚胎,卵裂沟可能不如正常受精胚胎将所有裂解的胚胎转移到孵化介质中并让它们孵育过夜的卵裂沟清晰。第二天,应将存活的胚胎转移到 ixy 胚胎的 0.1 XMMR 胚胎发育中。使用体外成熟的卵母细胞在良好的实验中进行了检查,几乎 100% 的生发囊泡卵母细胞对黄体酮有反应并显示出成熟的迹象。

大约 25% 经历了卵裂。60% 到 80% 的裂解胚胎达到了爆炸气阶段,其中约三分之一达到了游泳蝌蚪阶段。ixy 胚胎是正常和异常胚胎的混合物,表明将反义 sogo 注射到生发 vecal 细胞中,然后进行 IVM 和 Dixie 允许早期胚胎发育。

看完这个视频后,你应该对如何在因式分解之前作母体蛋白有一个很好的了解。

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