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Behavior
事件相关电位在目标响应的任务,研究的上肢使用在儿童认知过程单侧脑性麻痹
事件相关电位在目标响应的任务,研究的上肢使用在儿童认知过程单侧脑性麻痹
JoVE Journal
Behavior
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JoVE Journal Behavior
Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

事件相关电位在目标响应的任务,研究的上肢使用在儿童认知过程单侧脑性麻痹

Full Text
12,676 Views
08:26 min
January 11, 2016

DOI: 10.3791/53420-v

Ingar Marie Zielinski1, Bert Steenbergen1,2, C. Marjolein Baas1, Pauline Aarts3, Marijtje L. A. Jongsma1

1Behavioural Science Institute,Radboud University Nijmegen, 2School of Psychology,Australian Catholic University, 3Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation,Sint Maartenskliniek

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study investigates the cognitive aspects underlying upper limb control in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. By utilizing event-related brain potentials during manual target response tasks, the research aims to uncover cognitive factors contributing to movement restrictions.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background

  • Children with unilateral cerebral palsy often exhibit developmental disregard for their affected upper limb.
  • The cognitive processes involved in this disregard have not been extensively studied.
  • Understanding these processes may inform therapeutic approaches.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) can provide insights into cognitive functioning related to movement.

Purpose of Study

  • To assess cognitive factors influencing upper limb control in children with movement disabilities.
  • To explore the relationship between cognitive processes and movement restrictions.
  • To develop a child-friendly protocol for EEG recordings during cognitive tasks.

Methods Used

  • Event-related brain potentials were recorded during simple manual response tasks.
  • Visual stimuli were presented to induce left or right-hand movements.
  • Response devices with low force requirements were utilized to facilitate child participation.
  • Electrode setup followed the international 10-20 system for accurate EEG recording.

Main Results

  • Differences in reaction times were observed between the affected and less affected hands.
  • ERP waveforms indicated variations in cognitive processing related to upper limb control.
  • The study highlights the potential of ERPs in understanding cognitive factors in movement disabilities.
  • Findings may guide therapeutic interventions for children with cerebral palsy.

Conclusions

  • Event-related potentials are effective in studying cognitive processes in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
  • The developed protocol can be adapted for use in therapeutic settings.
  • Further research is needed to explore the implications of these cognitive factors on rehabilitation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of studying cognitive factors in upper limb control?
Understanding cognitive factors can help tailor rehabilitation strategies for children with movement disabilities.
How are event-related potentials measured?
ERPs are measured using EEG, which records electrical activity in the brain in response to stimuli.
What challenges are faced when conducting EEG studies with children?
Children may have difficulty staying still, and the setup process can be challenging; thus, a child-friendly approach is essential.
What types of stimuli are used in the study?
Visual stimuli that are easily distinguishable by color or shape are used to engage children during tasks.
What are the implications of this research?
The findings can inform therapeutic practices and enhance understanding of cognitive contributions to movement disabilities.

几名患有单侧脑瘫的儿童似乎忽视了他们受影响的上肢保留的能力。这种发展忽视在文献中被广泛描述,但所涉及的认知过程尚未得到研究。为了研究上肢控制的潜在认知因素,开发了一种与事件相关的电位方案。

该程序的总体目标是评估运动障碍儿童上肢控制的认知方面。这是通过在简单的手动目标反应任务中研究与事件相关的脑电位来实现的。这种方法可以帮助回答与潜在认知过程相关的关键问题,这些问题可能导致运动障碍儿童的特定运动限制。

这项技术的影响延伸到脑瘫儿童的治疗,因为它使我们能够解开不同的认知因素,这些因素也会导致个体运动受限。这种方法的视觉演示至关重要,因为适合儿童的脑电图记录和适合行动受限儿童的适应性、事件相关潜在协议很难学习。首先选择易于根据颜色或形状区分的视觉刺激。

使用简单的图形设计,如笑脸,这将使孩子的注意力集中在任务上,并确保它们在屏幕上足够大,以便孩子很容易识别。将刺激呈现在屏幕上的左侧或右侧,分别诱导左手或右手运动。在屏幕的另一侧包括一个背景刺激,以控制刺激偏侧化。

为了记录对刺激的反应,为孩子提供两个反应力要求非常低的大反应按钮,以确保孩子能够轻松做出反应。使用可以记录时间准确的按钮按下并将相关刺激标记传送到脑电图计算机的响应设备。最后,当刺激显示在计算机屏幕上时,使用时间准确的刺激传递和实验控制程序,将时间锁定的标记发送到数据采集协议。

首先在脑电图设置期间用电影来分散孩子的注意力。为了在孩子熟悉的环境中进行研究,建立一个使用两台计算机的移动脑电图实验室;一个用于呈现刺激,另一个用于记录和数字化 EEG。通过清洁左右乳突骨上参比电极位置的皮肤来开始电极设置,以降低阻抗。

轻轻涂抹磨砂膏去除死皮细胞,然后用酒精清洁以去除油性物质。通过在头部最宽的部分周围放置卷尺来确定瓶盖尺寸,从而测量头围。然后,将正确尺寸的盖子戴在头上。

通过测量 inion 和 nasion 之间的距离,然后测量左右口间凹痕之间的距离,确保盖子处于正确的位置。将 CZ 电极放在这两个测量值之间的中间点。接下来,使用帽和电极上的数字,根据国际 10-20 系统组织头部的电极。

将电极定位在 5 个中线部位和 24 个横向部位,以找到事件相关电位分量的空间最大值。在右侧乳突骨上再放置一个电极以进行链接参考记录,并将接地电极放在 AFZ 上。之后,使用钝针用导电凝胶填充电极,以最大限度地接触皮肤。

轻轻研磨电极下的皮肤以降低阻抗水平,并注意不要涂抹过多的凝胶,因为信号可能会失真。连接电极时,使用阻抗计,将电极阻抗保持在 20 kΩ 以下。接下来,清洁眼睛周围的皮肤,用于眼电图 (EOG) 电极。

将 EOG 电极放在眼睛周围以共配 EOG 以校正眼球运动的 EEG 信号。对于儿童,只需放置两个 EOG 电极:一个在右眼下方,另一个在右眼外眦上。最后,在离线数据处理期间应用眼部校正时,使用 FP2 和 F7 作为 EOG 记录的参考电极。

首先将电脑屏幕放在孩子面前 40 厘米处。找到键盘旁边的两个红色按钮,一个在右侧,另一个在左侧。将按钮之间的距离保持在 30 厘米,以避免使用错误的手按下按钮的可能性。

将孩子的手放在两个红色按钮的略上方,肘部放在桌子上。通过按下呈现目标刺激的一侧的红色按钮,指导孩子尽快对目标刺激做出反应。如果包括 no-go 刺激,则指示孩子在出现 no-go 刺激时抑制他们的反应。

最后,在开始实验之前,进行一次不超过一分钟的简短试验,以防止在实验后期引起疲劳。确保实验中使用的所有刺激物在此试用期间至少出现一次。该方案使用事件相关的脑电位来研究单侧脑瘫儿童上肢控制的潜在认知因素。

这里显示了单侧脑瘫儿童的典型反应时间数据,表明受影响较轻的手和受影响的手之间的差异,其中受影响的手在出现目标刺激后反应较慢。在这里,显示了单独的 ERP 波形,在目标刺激呈现之后,然后是受影响较小的一侧和受影响的侧的手动响应。通过比较不同组或条件之间的这些 ERP 波形,可以揭示上肢控制的潜在认知因素的差异。

看完这个视频后,你应该对如何记录和分析与运动障碍儿童上肢控制相关的认知过程相关的事件相关脑电位有一个很好的了解。一旦掌握,如果执行得当,记录脑电图并完成与事件相关的电位分析可以在几个小时内完成。在尝试此过程时,重要的是要记住,视觉目标响应任务应以对行动受限儿童可行的方式进行调整。

通过在这个与事件相关的电位过程中使用不同的实验范式,可以研究不同的认知过程以回答额外的问题。这种方法可以帮助我们回答与潜在认知因素相关的关键问题,这些问题可能会导致不同运动障碍的不同运动限制。

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