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JoVE Journal
Cancer Research
将斑马鱼小儿脑肿瘤移植入免疫能力的宿主,用于长期研究肿瘤细胞行为和药物反应
将斑马鱼小儿脑肿瘤移植入免疫能力的宿主,用于长期研究肿瘤细胞行为和药物反应
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Cancer Research
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JoVE Journal Cancer Research
Transplantation of Zebrafish Pediatric Brain Tumors into Immune-competent Hosts for Long-term Study of Tumor Cell Behavior and Drug Response

将斑马鱼小儿脑肿瘤移植入免疫能力的宿主,用于长期研究肿瘤细胞行为和药物反应

Full Text
12,170 Views
09:43 min
May 17, 2017

DOI: 10.3791/55712-v

Mattie J. Casey*1, Katarzyna Modzelewska*1, Daniela Anderson1, James Goodman1, Elena F. Boer1, Laura Jimenez1, Douglas Grossman1,2, Rodney A. Stewart1

1Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute,University of Utah School of Medicine, 2Department of Dermatology,University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a method for transplanting zebrafish tumor cells into immune-competent embryos, allowing for long-term analysis of tumor behavior and drug responses. The technique minimizes host toxicity and enables the assessment of tumor burden in vivo.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Developmental Biology

Background

  • Transplantation of cancer cells is crucial for studying cancer mechanisms.
  • Current methods often rely on immune-incompetent animal models.
  • Understanding tumor behavior in an immune-competent environment is vital for therapeutic development.
  • This method focuses on pediatric brain cancer research.

Purpose of Study

  • To enable long-term assessment of tumor cell behavior.
  • To investigate drug responses and mechanisms of tumor invasion.
  • To improve the accuracy of in vivo studies in brain cancer.

Methods Used

  • Preparation of agarose solution for embryo injection.
  • Creation of injection needles for precise tumor cell delivery.
  • Transplantation of dissociated tumor cells into zebrafish embryos.
  • Monitoring tumor growth and behavior post-transplantation.

Main Results

  • Tumor cells invaded surrounding brain tissue within 24 hours post-transplantation.
  • Engraftment success rates were 80-90% in zebrafish.
  • Tumor growth was observed over several weeks, indicating sustained proliferation.
  • Fluorescent imaging confirmed tumor presence and behavior in vivo.

Conclusions

  • This method provides a valuable tool for studying brain cancer biology.
  • Long-term studies can lead to better understanding of drug efficacy.
  • The technique may enhance therapeutic strategies for pediatric brain tumors.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main advantage of this transplantation method?
It minimizes toxicity to the host, allowing for long-term studies of tumor behavior.
How is the tumor cell suspension prepared?
The tumor mass is disrupted to create a uniform solution, which is then filtered and concentrated.
What are the survival indicators for the embryos post-injection?
Morphological and physiological features such as heart and brain development are assessed.
How long can tumor cells persist in the zebrafish?
Tumor transplants can persist into adulthood, allowing for extensive study.
What type of cancer cells were used in this study?
Central nervous system primitive neural ectodermal tumor cells were transplanted.
What imaging techniques were used to monitor tumor growth?
Fluorescent imaging was employed to visualize tumor cells in vivo.

癌细胞的移植是识别癌症机制和治疗反应的重要工具。目前的技术取决于免疫力不足的动物。在这里,我们描述了一种将斑马鱼肿瘤细胞移植到免疫感受态胚胎中的方法,用于长期分析肿瘤细胞行为和体内药物反应。

该程序的总体目标是能够对肿瘤细胞行为进行长期评估,例如侵袭和播散,并在免疫功能正常的动物宿主中测试潜在的治疗方法。这种方法可以帮助回答小儿脑癌领域的关键问题,包括药物反应的寿命以及驱动侵袭和播散的机制。该技术的主要优点是它最大限度地减少了对宿主的毒性,从而能够持久植入肿瘤细胞,从而实现脑癌生物学的长期研究。

这项技术的影响延伸到脑癌的治疗,因为药物治疗后可以直接在体内评估肿瘤负荷。一般来说,如果肿瘤细胞悬液太浓或太稀,刚接触这种方法的个体会很挣扎,从而难以将一致的量注射到第四脑室中。首先,准备 50 毫升溶于鸡蛋水中的 1.2% 琼脂糖溶液。

将溶液煮沸至琼脂糖溶解,然后通过添加 05 毫克/升亚甲蓝来补充。将 25 毫升最终溶液倒入 10 厘米的培养皿中,使其凝固。将剩余的 25 毫升琼脂糖溶液放入 42 摄氏度的水浴中。

然后在固化表面的中心放置一个直径为 2 英寸的烧杯,将剩余的 25 毫升 1.2% 琼脂糖倒在前一层上。注射前将注射板保持在 28 摄氏度至少 30 分钟,或长期存放在 4 摄氏度。使用拔针器拉动 10 厘米长的毛细管,外部尺寸为 1.2 毫米,内部尺寸为 0.9 毫米,从而制作针头。

小心地将针头放在包裹在塑料石蜡膜中的显微镜载玻片上。然后用剃须刀片将针头末端切成 45 度角,形成尖端有开口的针头。在对荷瘤鱼实施安乐死并根据文本方案解剖肿瘤后,手动使用 P1000 破坏肿瘤块,直到形成均匀、浑浊的溶液。

使用移液器或 40 微米细胞过滤器去除大颗粒。然后在室温下以 290 x g 离心悬浮液 5 分钟,并去除上清液。将肿瘤细胞沉淀重悬于 100 μL 无菌 PBS 中,并将其转移到 1.5 mL微量离心管中。

使用 250 微升 PBS 稀释 5 微升细胞悬液。然后使用血细胞计数器计数细胞数。将悬浮液以 290 次 g 离心 3 分钟。

去除上清液后,使用无菌 PBS 重悬沉淀以获得所需的细胞浓度。在移植过程中,将肿瘤悬液储存在 28 摄氏度的加热块上。使用移液管,将 10 至 20 个麻醉胚胎转移到注射板的外围。

胚胎应横向下落,脑室清晰可见且可接近。使用倾斜的探针根据需要调整胚胎,并将它们放置在远离注射板外边缘的位置。然后使用凝胶加载尖端将 1 至 2 微升肿瘤细胞悬液加载到注射针中,并将针头插入纵器。

接下来,手动降低机械手,将针保持在 45 度角。沿 x、y 和 z 方向调整显微作器的旋钮,直到针位于胚胎头右侧约 5 毫米的上方。使用立体显微镜,在 x 方向上缓慢调整显微作器,直到针刺穿胚胎的第四脑室。

不要让针头刺穿心脏或蛋黄。为了持续注射,必须麻醉胚胎,将肿瘤适当解离成细胞悬液,针头必须刺穿第四脑室,但不要延伸到心脏。推动显微注射器脚踏板以注射肿瘤细胞悬液。

注射完成后,使用新鲜的鸡蛋水轻轻冲洗注射的胚胎从注射板上并放入培养皿中。现在,在暗室中用荧光立体显微镜检查注射的胚胎。确认注射压力、角度、针头大小和细胞悬液粘度导致肿瘤细胞填充 25% 至 50% 的脑室空间。

将胚胎放回 28 摄氏度的培养箱中过夜。第二天,通过检查形态和生理特征(例如如前所述,正常的心脏和大脑发育)来评估胚胎存活率。使用移液管将 4% 甲基纤维素添加到培养皿的中间,并将麻醉的胚胎添加到甲基纤维素滴剂中。

使用倾斜的探针定位胚胎,并在荧光显微镜下筛选一致的植入大小。为了维持肿瘤,一旦胚胎受精后达到 8 天,将移植的胚胎放入水箱中生长。成像并根据文本协议进行其他研究。

在本实验中,将中枢神经系统原始神经外胚层肿瘤细胞移植到缺乏黑素细胞的 mitfa 斑马鱼突变体中。早在移植后 24 小时,就可以看到肿瘤细胞侵入周围的脑组织。在接下来的一周内,肿瘤移植物继续在脑室和周围脑组织中生长,也可以在肾脏区域观察到荧光。

肿瘤细胞继续增殖和侵袭,因此在受精后 28 天,在整个斑马鱼大脑中可以看到肿瘤块。该图显示了移植 mCherry 标记的脑肿瘤细胞的代表性斑马鱼组。80% 至 90% 的斑马鱼通常能够实现肿瘤细胞植入,并且肿瘤移植持续到成年期。

在本实验中,通过全肿瘤解离收获来自视盖的 NRAS 驱动的 mCherry 标记的斑马鱼 CNS-PNET 和来自小脑的 GFP 标记的 CNS-PNET,加工成单细胞悬液,然后在移植前以一比一的比例混合。移植后 4 天想象的这个代表性胚胎表明,红色的视盖肿瘤细胞比小脑肿瘤更广泛地迁移到宿主大脑中。一旦掌握,可以在 3 到 4 小时内注射大约 300 个胚胎。

在此程序之后,可以执行其他方法,例如活体动物成像和药物给药,以回答与肿瘤细胞生物学、药物反应和化疗耐药相关的其他问题。开发后,这项技术为斑马鱼癌症建模领域的研究人员探索治疗小儿脑癌的新型抑制剂铺平了道路。

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