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Neuroscience
神经元-巨噬细胞共培养活化巨噬细胞分泌突起活性的分子因子
神经元-巨噬细胞共培养活化巨噬细胞分泌突起活性的分子因子
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity

神经元-巨噬细胞共培养活化巨噬细胞分泌突起活性的分子因子

Full Text
9,242 Views
08:52 min
March 30, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/56920-v

Hyeok Jun Yun1,2, Eun-Hye Kim1,2, Byung Gon Kim1,2,3

1Department of Brain Science,Ajou University School of Medicine, 2Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences,Ajou University School of Medicine, 3Department of Neurology,Ajou University School of Medicine

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a protocol to stimulate cultured macrophages, enhancing their capacity to release factors that promote neurite outgrowth from neurons. The use of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in neuron-macrophage co-cultures induces macrophages to produce conditioned medium with strong neurite outgrowth activity, providing insights into the interplay between these cell types in regeneration.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background

  • Macrophages can influence neuron repair and growth.
  • Cyclic AMP is used to induce a pro-regenerative phenotype in macrophages.
  • Stimulating macrophages through cAMP improves axonal growth potential.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a method for macrophages to secrete factors that enhance neurite growth.
  • To investigate interactions between neurons and macrophages in regeneration.
  • To validate the effect of conditioned medium on neurite outgrowth.

Methods Used

  • Cell culture methods were employed, specifically using neuron-macrophage co-cultures.
  • The study focuses on dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
  • CRITICAL STEPS include the preparation of coated plates, isolation of DRG, and the addition of cAMP.
  • The conditioned medium was collected and filtered for use in neurite outgrowth assays.

Main Results

  • Macrophage-conditioned medium treated with DB cyclic AMP led to significant neurite outgrowth.
  • Control conditioned medium did not induce neurite growth, highlighting the specific enhancement provided by cAMP.
  • The findings suggest that macrophage activation facilitates effective neuronal regeneration.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates a robust method for enhancing neurite outgrowth via macrophage activation.
  • The approach provides a valuable tool for exploring neuronal regeneration mechanisms.
  • The findings have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting nerve injury and neurodegenerative conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using cAMP in this protocol?
Cyclic AMP is a physiologically relevant molecule that effectively stimulates macrophages to adopt a pro-regenerative phenotype, enhancing their ability to support neurite growth.
How are the primary macropages prepared for co-culture?
Primary peritoneal macrophages are isolated from adult mice through a method that involves injecting sterile PBS into the peritoneal cavity and collecting the lavage fluid.
What outcomes can be expected from this study?
The main outcome is the evaluation of neurite outgrowth in response to macrophage-conditioned medium, indicating the effectiveness of the macrophage stimulation protocol.
How is neuronal culture established in this study?
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are isolated and plated onto poly-D lysine and laminin-coated plates to promote adherence and growth.
What limitations should be considered when interpreting the results?
While the study shows significant effects on neurite outgrowth, the results may vary based on cell type, experimental conditions, and tissue source.

目前的协议提供了实验程序, 以刺激培养的巨噬细胞, 有能力释放分子因子, 促进突起的生长。对神经元-巨噬细胞共培养的治疗, 诱导巨噬细胞产生具有强突起活性的条件培养基。

该程序的总体目标是产生可以分泌促进神经突生长的分子因子的巨噬细胞。这种方法可以帮助回答有关神经元和巨噬细胞如何相互作用以激活促再生巨噬细胞表型以促进出色再生的关键问题。这项技术的主要优点是我们使用环腺苷酸,这是一种腺苷血清分子,它是以前研究中使用的更生理性的酶,用于刺激具有促再生表型的巨噬细胞。

当我们发现巨噬细胞活化对于增强轴突生长能力至关重要时,我们首先想到了这种方法,并且在永久性叶损伤中采取预防措施后,巨噬细胞可以产生出色的神经元。在设置培养物之前,用 poly-D Lycine 和层粘连蛋白预编码一个六孔板。接下来,将六孔板与 0.01 poly-D Lycine 在 37 摄氏度下孵育 2 小时或在 4 摄氏度下孵育过夜。

之后,用蒸馏水清洗板子两次。然后将板与浓度为 3 μg/mL 的层粘连蛋白溶液在室温下孵育 2 小时。之后,用蒸馏水清洗板两次,并在室温下干燥板至少一小时。

现在,用手术刀片切开安乐死小鼠脊柱上的皮肤,并在双侧解剖这对椎骨以露出椎骨。使用窄头手术切口小心翼翼地去除椎骨,直到 DRG 完全暴露。在解剖显微镜下,使用虹膜切除术剪刀和细尖镊子从 S1 双侧一直到 C1 水平去除 DRG。

使用带有切断端的蓝色移液器吸头将 DRG 转移到 1.5 ml eppendorf 管中。然后在使用微型离心机快速旋转几秒钟后去除 DMEM。加入 1 毫升每毫升含有 125 单位 11 型胶原的 DMEM,并使用 37 摄氏度的 twister 摇床轻轻旋转试管孵育 90 分钟。

之后,丢弃含有 DMEM 的胶原酶,加入 1 毫升新鲜 DMEM。使用带有切断端的蓝色移液器吸头将 DRG 转移到 15 ml 锥形管中。然后轻轻上下移液至少 15 次,以制备均匀的细胞悬液。

将试管以 239 G 离心 3 分钟,然后小心丢弃带有漂浮碎屑的上清液。加入 1 毫升补充有 B27 的 neurobasil 培养基,然后轻轻上下吹打 5 到 10 次,重新悬浮细胞沉淀。接下来,将细胞悬液通过覆盖在 50 毫升锥形管顶部的 70 微米细胞过滤器。

然后将所有收集的 DRG 神经元接种到六孔板的两个孔上。要从成年小鼠制备原代腹膜巨噬细胞,请小心切开腹部皮肤以露出腹膜,并避免切开腹膜以防止灌洗液泄漏。接下来,使用带有 22 号针头的注射器穿刺腹膜,并将 10 毫升冰冷的 PBS 注射到腹膜腔中。

轻轻按摩腹膜一到两分钟。然后拔出针头,通过针头穿刺部位挤出 PBS,并将灌洗液收集在 50 毫升锥形管中。然后,将灌洗液以 239 g 离心,在 4 摄氏度下离心 10 分钟,以沉淀细胞成分。

随后,在室温下用 3 毫升红细胞裂解缓冲液重悬沉淀 3 分钟。然后在 4 摄氏度下以 239 g 的浓度再次离心细胞悬液 10 分钟。将沉淀的细胞重悬于 1 mL neurobasil B27 培养基中。

将收集的所有巨噬细胞的一半铺在有效面积为 4.2 平方厘米的细胞培养插入物上,将其放置在解离的 DRG 孔的顶部。神经元巨噬细胞共培养 4 小时后,向神经元巨噬细胞共培养物中加入两微升 100 微摩尔 DB 环安培溶液。24 小时后,在同一个 6 孔板中加入 1 mL 巨噬细胞培养基,填充空孔。

将神经元巨噬细胞共培养物中的细胞培养插入物转移到与巨噬细胞培养基共培养的空孔中。72 小时后,将巨噬细胞条件培养基以 239 x g 离心 5 分钟,以去除细胞成分。将上清液通过 0.2 微米过滤器以去除任何残留的细胞碎片。

在此过程中,用 poly-D 赖氨酸和层粘连蛋白预涂八孔室载玻片。然后使用与前面描述的相同的方法获得解离的成年 DRG 神经元和 neurobasil 培养基,补充有 B27。将每孔 4 个细胞接种 5 次 10 次,放在预包被的 8 孔室载玻片上。

接下来,将腔室载玻片放入 37 摄氏度的培养箱中 2 小时,让细胞附着在底部。然后用预热 37 摄氏度的解冻、条件培养基替换培养基。初次铺板 15 小时后,去除培养基并用 PBS 洗涤细胞一次,然后向孔中加入 200 微升冰冷的 4% 多聚甲醛溶液,并将细胞与多聚甲醛溶液在 4 摄氏度下孵育 20 分钟。

随后,将固定的细胞与用 10% 正常山羊血清稀释的一抗溶液在室温下孵育 4 小时或在 4 摄氏度下过夜。之后,使用荧光显微镜拍摄图像以观察神经突生长。当应用于单独的 DRG 神经元培养物时,从用 DB 环 AMP 处理的共培养物中获得的巨噬细胞条件培养基导致强大的神经突生长。

相比之下,从 PBS 处理的共培养物中获得的条件培养基不会诱导神经突生长。当 DB 环状 AMP 单独用巨噬细胞处理培养物时,条件培养基不能有效支持神经突生长。这表明神经元巨噬细胞相互作用对于刺激巨噬细胞具有促再生能力是必不可少的。

我们还测试了从 DB 环 AMP 处理的仅神经元培养中获得的条件培养基,发现没有神经突生长。重要的是要记住,神经元和微孔板应该是新鲜健康的。当解剖持续时间过长或腹膜巨噬细胞被血液成分污染时,我们经历了恒定培养基的神经突生长活性减弱。

在该方案中,将解离的 DRG 神经元与细胞培养插入物上的巨噬细胞在财务上分离。因此,我们的共培养系统将允许识别负责介导完全再生巨噬细胞激活的细胞间信号传导的细胞因子。

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