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Neuroscience
新生小鼠脑巴细胞基因调控的立体定向手术
新生小鼠脑巴细胞基因调控的立体定向手术
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Stereotaxic Surgery for Genetic Manipulation in Striatal Cells of Neonatal Mouse Brains

新生小鼠脑巴细胞基因调控的立体定向手术

Full Text
16,283 Views
09:44 min
July 10, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/57270-v

Shih-Yun Chen1, Hsiao-Ying Kuo1, Fu-Chin Liu1,2

1Institute of Neuroscience,National Yang-Ming University, 2Brain Research Center,National Yang-Ming University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article outlines a stereotaxic surgery protocol for microinjecting reagents into the striatum of neonatal mouse brains using a homemade head-fixed device. This technique is particularly beneficial for genetic manipulation of neuronal cells within specific brain regions during neonatal development.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetic Manipulation
  • Developmental Biology

Background

  • Stereotaxic surgery is a critical method for targeting specific brain regions.
  • Neonatal brain development is vital for understanding genetic influences on neurodevelopment.
  • Creating a homemade device makes this method more accessible and cost-effective.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a straightforward protocol for genetic manipulation in neonatal mice.
  • To enhance precision in microinjections using a homemade device.
  • To enable the study of neurodevelopmental processes at pivotal stages.

Methods Used

  • The primary method involves stereotaxic surgery within a controlled environment.
  • This study uses neonatal mice as a biological model for observing early genetic modifications.
  • The protocol includes detailed steps for anesthetizing pups and positioning them accurately for injections.
  • It emphasizes careful handling of surgical instruments to prevent complications during the procedure.

Main Results

  • Successful microinjections resulted in widespread expression of GFP and tdTomato in striatal cells, indicating effective genetic manipulation.
  • Results suggest a successful implementation of Cre loxP mediated recombination within the targeted brain regions.
  • The study supports the potential for subsequent research on genetic impacts during postnatal brain development.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates a feasible approach for conducting targeted genetic injections during early brain development.
  • The method is accessible and can be adapted for various experimental needs in neuroscience.
  • It underscores the importance of precise methodologies in understanding neuronal mechanisms and developmental biology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using a homemade device for surgeries?
A homemade device can be more cost-effective and customizable, allowing for greater accessibility and flexibility in experimental designs.
How is the neonatal pup prepared for injection?
The pup is anesthetized using hypothermia before being positioned in a head tray secured to the stereotaxic apparatus.
What types of outcomes can be measured after the procedure?
Key outcomes include gene expression patterns and potential alterations in neurodevelopment as observed through imaging and molecular assays.
Can this method be adapted for other types of injections?
Yes, the protocol can be modified for different reagents or therapeutic agents, depending on the experimental goals.
What are some limitations of this technique?
Challenges include ensuring accurate targeting during injections and the potential for variability in response based on handling and surgical precision.
How does this method facilitate studying genetic influences in development?
By allowing for precise genetic modifications in specific brain regions, researchers can investigate the roles of targeted genes in neurodevelopment.

我们描述了一个立体定向手术的协议, 一个自制的头固定装置 microinjecting 试剂进入新生鼠脑纹状体。这种技术允许在新生小鼠大脑特定区域的神经细胞中进行基因操作。

这种方法可以帮助回答遗传和神经发育中的关键问题,例如在出生后发育过程中。这种技术的主要优点是它是一种使用自制设备的简单技术。这种方法的视觉演示至关重要,因为对大脑进行有针对性的注射需要充分关注细节。

首先,制作一个支架,以便在立体定位装置中使用新生儿幼崽。首先制作头托。切掉 1.5 毫升离心管底部的约 1/5,为新生幼犬的头部开一个口。

接下来,选择适合立体定位装置底座的空移液器吸头盒。然后使用热胶将头托固定到吸头盒的底部。接下来,将组织包埋盒粘在盒子上,这样它可以在固定头部的同时支撑幼犬的躯干。

现在准备 30 号不锈钢针头进行注射。首先,将它们在玻璃瓶中浸泡在氯仿中三天,进行预清洁。三天后,小心地取出针头,用无水乙醇洗涤 20 分钟,并以 50 rpm 的转速搅拌。

然后在 70% 乙醇中洗涤 3 次,每次洗涤 10 分钟,也要搅拌。清洗后,让针头风干并存放在室温下的干净盒子中直至使用。对于显微注射组件,使用 PE20 聚乙烯管的 5 厘米段将 PE10 管桥接到 26 号 10 微升注射器。

用氰基丙烯酸酯固定液络部。接下来,将新的 30 号注射针安装到 PE10 管的另一端。现在装入 10 μL 显微注射注射器。

拆下柱塞,使用另一个 25 号注射器向后加载高压灭菌蒸馏水的组件,以去除管道中的空气。然后将柱塞放回微升注射器中,推动柱塞,直到桶中只剩下两微升蒸馏水,而且不会少于。接下来,小心地将微升注射器安装到微流注射泵上。

然后将实验病毒液体中的少量过滤的 0.1% 固绿染料移液到一块封口膜上。现在将少量空气吸入注射器中,直到在注射针和管道之间看到气泡。然后加载 0.7 μL 过滤的 Fast Green 溶液,以测试微量注射管中的液体流量。

如果流动性良好,则吸出另一小体积空气以产生第二个气泡,然后将注射溶液加载到显微注射管中。将显微注射针连接并固定到立体定位装置上,然后继续对新生小鼠进行显微注射。在准备手术时,用 70% 乙醇彻底擦拭立体定位器械,并用 70% 乙醇对手术器械消毒。

然后使用低温麻醉新生儿。将幼犬放入乳胶手套中,将其浸入碎冰中直至脖子五分钟。然后用镊子捏住小狗的脚,确保没有踏板反射。

接下来,将戴着手套的小狗放在头托中,并在乳胶套周围放一些碎冰,以保持体温过低麻醉。然后用 70% 乙醇擦洗幼犬的头部并找到 lambda 标志。用记号笔标记。

然后将针尖对准 lambda,并将前/后和内侧/外侧坐标设置为零。接下来,查阅脑图谱,将注射臂移动到目标部位。例如,P2 幼崽的纹状体在 lambda 前方 2.4 毫米,在中线两侧 1.0 毫米,在腹侧 1.7 毫米。

接下来,用笔在 PE10 管上标记 Fast Green 染料的位置。然后慢慢开始将针头穿过皮肤和颅骨,直到针尖接触到颅骨表面。将背侧/腹侧坐标设置为零。

然后将针头慢慢降低到目标部位。就位后,等待一分钟,让薄壁组织恢复正常形状。然后以每分钟 100 纳升的速度运行显微注射程序。

在注射过程中,观察固绿染料在 PE 管中移动。将针头缓慢穿过皮肤和颅骨,直到针尖接触颅骨表面,这一点至关重要。在注射过程中,必须观察 Fast Green 染料在 PE 管中移动。

注射完成后,等待 1 分钟,然后慢慢将针头升至 DV 穿透深度的 1/2。然后再等待 30 秒,然后再继续从幼犬的头上缓慢抽出针头。注射完成后,重要的是要等待一分钟,然后再慢慢将针头升至 DV 穿透深度的 1/2。

然后再等待 30 秒,然后慢慢地将针头从幼犬的头上拔出。注射完所有目标部位后,在 20 摄氏度的培养箱中将幼犬预热 33 分钟。每五分钟检查一次幼犬,直到它恢复胸骨卧位。

然后将幼崽送回母鼠身边。将 200 纳升表达与 GFP 融合的 Cre DNA 重组酶的病毒注射到 Ai14 小鼠的 P2 纹状体中。这些小鼠在 Cre 介导的 loxP 侧翼停止盒缺失后表达 tdTomato 报告基因。

在

P14 处收获大脑,用于 GFP 和 tdTomato 的免疫染色。许多 AAV 转导的 GFP 阳性细胞存在于整个纹状体中,表明纹状体细胞受到 AAV EGFP Cre 病毒的广泛感染。在纹状体中也发现了类似的 tdTomato 广泛表达。

在高倍镜下进行显微镜检查,显然发现所有 GFP 阳性纹状体细胞共表达 tdTomato 报告基因。此外,在苍白球、网状体黑质、纹状体和纹状体投射神经元的目标区域,推测的轴突末端检测到 tdTomato 信号。总之,这些结果表明 AAV 介导的新生儿纹状体神经元中 Cre 活性表达诱导的 Cre loxP 介导的 DNA 重组成功。

一旦掌握,如果作得当,这项技术可以在 30 分钟内完成双侧纹状体注射。在尝试此程序时,重要的是要记住,这是一项精细的新生儿脑部手术,需要耐心和细心。从这个程序中,可以执行其他方法,如光遗传学和化学遗传学,以分析出生后发育过程中的成熟。

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