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微穿刺2光子显微镜辅助小鼠鲍曼空间的研究
微穿刺2光子显微镜辅助小鼠鲍曼空间的研究
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Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Micropuncture of Bowman’s Space in Mice Facilitated by 2 Photon Microscopy

微穿刺2光子显微镜辅助小鼠鲍曼空间的研究

Full Text
9,759 Views
07:37 min
October 11, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/58206-v

Katsuyuki Matsushita1, Kirsti Golgotiu1, Daniel J. Orton2, Richard D. Smith2, Karin D. Rodland2, Paul D. Piehowski2, Michael P. Hutchens1,3

1Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine,Oregon Health & Science University, 2Environmental and Biological Services Division,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3Operative Care Division,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study investigates single-nephron physiology using a unique 2-photon microscopy technique to access Bowman's space in mice. The findings demonstrate the potential of this approach to measure glomerular filtration rates of proteins and metabolites, offering insights into tubular physiology.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Single-nephron physiology
  • Renal physiology
  • Glomerular filtration

Background

  • Understanding kidney function at a single-nephron level is critical for physiological research.
  • Traditional microscopy has limitations in micropuncture techniques.
  • 2-photon microscopy provides improved imaging capabilities.

Methods Used

  • Micropuncture technique with 2-photon microscopy
  • Mouse model system
  • Fluorescence imaging with FITC-Dextran and DAPI

Main Results

  • The technique allows for measurement of glomerular filtration rates in real time.
  • Mitigated common issues like pipette plugging during entry.
  • Identified 17 proteins from the overflow fluid sampled.

Conclusions

  • This method enhances the ability to study renal physiology in live animals.
  • It opens avenues for further research into the role of solutes in renal function.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of using 2-photon microscopy in this study?
2-photon microscopy provides clear imaging capabilities to overcome the limitations of traditional microscopy in renal studies.
What are the primary applications of this technique?
The technique can be applied to assess glomerular filtration rates and study tubular physiology.
Why is Bowman's space important for renal studies?
Bowman's space allows direct access to nephron components to evaluate kidney function and filtration processes.
What challenges does this method address?
It alleviates complications such as pipette plugging and precision issues in micropuncture techniques.
How can this technique contribute to broader biological research?
By allowing detailed study of nephron physiology, it can inform broader renal health and disease research.
What types of proteins were analyzed using this technique?
The study identified 17 proteins, primarily of low molecular weight, from the fluid sampled.
Can this method be applied to other organisms?
While this study was conducted in mice, the technique may be adaptable to other animal models to study renal physiology.

我们目前使用2光子显微术在鲍曼的小鼠泌尿空间内放置一个微量吸管, 结合2个肾脏生理学的基础技术。使用2光子显微术克服了传统显微术微穿刺肾脏生理学研究的关键局限性。

该技术可以帮助回答单肾生理学的关键问题,包括全身蛋白和代谢物的球状过滤率及其对管状生理学的贡献。这种微假技术的主要优点是,它允许进入鲍曼的空间和所有小鼠的皮质肾素。通常,对此方法的新的个人会很难,因为它需要正确执行准备步骤。

在确认对手趾捏没有反应后,对眼睛涂抹软膏,并使用胶带固定20至25克成年小鼠的四肢。使用脱毛霜去除动物左侧的所有头发,并使用脾脏通过脾脏的后侧和乳条侧的皮肤定位左肾。在皮肤上做一个0.5厘米的切口,然后是小切口在小的切口,只是足够大的肾脏被推通过。

用温和的压力挤压肾脏,并在组织周围放置聚硅氧烷肾脏稳定剂。将肾脏与垫片连接,使肾脏的侧表面超出稳定器约一毫米,用氰丙烯酸酯粘合剂将肾脏固定到形态上。将头板粘附到稳定器形状上,然后将头板安装到底板上的安装杆上。

接下来,用百分之一的加糖溶液填充聚硅氧烷支撑中的井,并在形态顶部保持 10 毫米盖滑,直到加糖牢固。用胶水将盖滑密封在头板上,用牙科水泥在盖滑周围形成一个环。然后以再轨道向100至150微升的飞合体-德克斯特兰注入,并快速将鼠标和固定板移到双光子显微镜阶段。

手动聚焦肾脏表面后,切换到非扫描双光子模式,并探索成像窗口,以定位比盖滑下方 30 微米且从横向肾胶囊小于 400 微米的目标球状体。记录与目标球的横向和垂直距离。然后记录球状的 x、y 和 z 级坐标。

最后,在不更改 x 和 y 级坐标的情况下,将目标焦点提升约一毫米到水柱中。将移液器尖端驱动到水柱中,然后打开 DAPI 激励。将 x 和 y 尺寸中的移液器移动到尖端最大荧光点。

这将是目标的中心。将 x 引文设置更改为红色荧光蛋白,用眼部可视化移液器,以便精确定位在眼视中。切换回双光子,在实时双光子视图下查找移液器,并精确地将尖端放在图像的中心,这是注册位置。

然后保存移液器的图像并注册舞台和微移液器控制器坐标。在不移动 y 轴和 z 轴的情况下,从 x 轴中的水柱上拆下移液器,将移液器 z 移动到目标球状 z 坐标和肾脏边缘。注意阶段 x 并使用注册阶段 x 的偏移量计算肾边缘移液器 x。

增加舞台 x 以向移液器移动舞台,直到肾脏边缘远到屏幕左侧,同时保持可见。快速推进移液器到约100微米远离肾边缘移液器X刚刚计算。增加红色增益,开始在实时双光子成像下缓慢地将移液器尖端推进到肾边缘,同时监控红色像素直方图。

将 x 轴中的移液器缓慢地驱动到球状目标移液器 x,并留意舞台 x。到达球状体后,使用 z 堆栈记录位置。移液器就位后,将微泵设置为在两分钟内注入 100 纳米光的全氟二甲酸素。

确保移液器的分时性,并减少进入过程中移液器堵塞的混淆。经过4至6分钟的过滤后,将微型泵设置为以每分钟高达50纳米光的速度吸气多达300纳米升。这个美丽的,接近表面球状显示有利的成像由于表面位置的球状在20微米以下的肾胶囊。

然而,由于移液器会击中盖滑,球状体离表面太近,不能进行微注射。这些球状体的最佳定位与横向边缘250微米的权利,并显得不那么尖锐,因为他们的折射造成的70微米深从胶囊。这两个因素,使球状可访问。

在这个典型的肾脏入口图像中,来自具有正交视图的 z 堆栈的均强度投影揭示了鲍曼空间内的移液器尖端,请注意来自位于尖端锥形部分的量子点极亮荧光的红色移液器尖端光谱伪影。在这里,在鲍曼空间中定位移液器后获得的 z 堆栈的体积渲染显示了与毛细管塔夫特相对的空间内的移液器尖端。如果使用开口太大的移液器,肾胶囊可能会破裂,导致次帽出血和血液进入移液管流明。

使用这种方法,从每个蛋白质至少两种独特的肽中鉴定出17种蛋白质,主要是低分子量。结合这种方法,其他方法,如测量,离子敏感电极测量,荧光抗体注射可用于回答有关发光溶解剂在管状和球状生理学中的作用的问题。

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