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JoVE Journal
Biology
后尾性异草蚊子的无血饮食
后尾性异草蚊子的无血饮食
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
A Blood-Free Diet to Rear Anopheline Mosquitoes

后尾性异草蚊子的无血饮食

Full Text
11,300 Views
08:40 min
January 31, 2020

DOI: 10.3791/60144-v

Joana Marques1, João C. R. Cardoso2, Rute C. Félix2, Deborah M. Power2, Henrique Silveira1

1Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical,Universidade Nova de Lisboa, IHMT-NOVA, 2Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences,Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study addresses the challenge of rearing Anopheles mosquitoes without the use of blood, which has ethical and logistical constraints. The researchers have formulated a blood-free artificial diet that effectively supports mosquito breeding, oogenesis, and egg maturation, ultimately producing viable adult progeny.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Vector biology
  • Malaria transmission
  • Ethics in laboratory animal use

Background

  • Malaria is spread by mosquitoes, making their study crucial.
  • Current methods rely on blood feeding, which is ethically problematic.
  • The replacement of animal-derived diets could enhance mosquito rearing techniques.

Methods Used

  • Development of a blood-free artificial diet under sterile conditions.
  • Use of Anopheles mosquitoes as the biological model.
  • Various feeding trials and reproductive assessments.

Main Results

  • The blood-free diet led to a higher percentage of fully engorged females compared to blood feeding.
  • Both blood-fed and diet-fed mosquitoes had comparable mortality and survival rates.
  • Adult body sizes were consistent across both feeding groups.

Conclusions

  • This study successfully demonstrates a functional blood-free diet for Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • The findings could transform mosquito rearing practices and advance malaria research.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of developing a blood-free diet for Anopheles mosquitoes?
To overcome ethical concerns and logistical challenges associated with using blood for mosquito rearing.
How does the blood-free diet affect mosquito reproduction?
The diet has been shown to trigger oogenesis and egg maturation effectively.
Can other mosquito species benefit from this diet?
Yes, ongoing tests are examining its effectiveness on species such as Aedes, which are vectors for diseases like dengue and Zika.
What are the ethical considerations associated with using blood in mosquito research?
Using human blood or animal blood raises ethical concerns; a synthetic diet reduces these issues.
What are the advantages of using a blood-free diet?
It reduces costs, eliminates the need for blood collection and storage, and adheres to principles of the 3Rs: Replace, Reduce, Refine.
What conditions are optimal for maintaining Anopheles mosquitoes?
Mosquitoes should be housed at 26 degrees Celsius, 75% humidity, and follow a 12-hour light/dark cycle.
How was the effectiveness of the blood-free diet assessed?
Effectiveness was measured by comparing the engorgement rates, egg production, and developmental success of mosquitoes fed on the artificial diet versus those fed on blood.

提出了一种配方无血的人工饮食,以喂养圈养的蚊子的协议。这种饮食具有与脊椎动物血液类似的性能,并触发卵子生成和卵子成熟,并产生可行的成年后代。

疟疾寄生虫,如蚊子,对疾病的传播起着主要作用。到目前为止,没有血液就不可能饲养疟疾蚊子。为了克服这一限制,我们的协议描述了一种血液替代饮食,能够支持蚊子在昆虫的繁殖。

使用无血饮食对血液非常有利。无血饮食没有道德限制,因为人类血液或实验动物的使用。在实验中替换动物是我们三个 R 政策的一部分。

替换、减少、细化。不使用血液可降低成本,物流与红血的收集、储存和维护相关。使用人工饮食可以促进抗疟分子的测试。

到现在,我们已经测试我们的饮食使用不同的动物物种。在所有这些,饮食是良好的女性,并允许鸡蛋生产和产卵。我们相信这种饮食有潜在的用途,为饲养其他蚊子物种。

事实上,我们现在正在测试它,许多疾病的载体,如登革热,寨卡病毒,或黄热病。在26摄氏度、75%的湿度和12小时至12小时暗循环下,在房间里保持蚊虫的安多菲斯·科卢齐·约恩德菌株。在单个笼子里使用标准昆虫条件来保证交配。

使用塑料移液器将蚊虫收集到一个小水容器中。将容器放在蚊子笼内,让成年蚊子出现并交配。在笼中提供 10%葡萄糖喂养溶液。

出现三天后,使用吸气器收集必要的数量的女性从股票笼到纸杯。为了区分,女性更大,男性有更宽和羽毛的普罗菲。在喂食前一天,取出10%葡萄糖喂养溶液。

第二天,根据手稿,在层流柜的无菌条件下准备人工液体饮食。将所有成分添加到塑料管中。使用 0.45 微米微滤器彻底混合所有成分并过滤。

填充无菌 1 毫升注射器,配备 27 量表半英寸针头,每毫升肝素 100 微升 1毫克。然后,麻醉六至八周大的CD一只雌性小鼠,使用氯胺酮和西拉辛的内腹线路线。评估小鼠是否显示任何肌肉反应和反应不同的物理刺激。

执行心脏穿刺。然后从老鼠那里收集血液进入一个显微管,并在水浴中将血液保持在37摄氏度。接下来,使用吸气器从库存笼中收集大约30只雌性蚊子。

将雌性蚊子转移到500毫升纸杯中,用细细的蚊帐网盖住,这样它们就无法逃脱。将半膜膜拉伸到玻璃喂食器的口中,以包含餐食。将玻璃铃人工喂养装置连接到塑料管的每个杯子的顶部。

向圆柱管和进料器提供恒定的水流,使内的温度保持在大约 37.5 摄氏度。在37摄氏度下将一毫升预预热液体饮食或新鲜小鼠血液放入玻璃喂食器中。在26摄氏度的黑暗中喂蚊子60分钟。

人工喂养后,在20摄氏度下对蚊子进行30秒的冷麻醉。然后,将蚊子放在冷藏的培养皿中。记录完全被感染的雌性蚊子的数量。

分开30个完全充满女性,并把它们放在一个新的笼子。现在,在每个笼子的底部放置一张加湿滤纸。将蚊子保持26摄氏度,湿度75%,在12小时至12小时光暗循环下,用10%的葡萄糖。

在喂养后96小时120小时,在手持放大镜的帮助下数鸡蛋。用蒸馏水将滤纸淹没,将鸡蛋收集到装满蒸馏水的托盘中。每天用每托盘约13毫克的地面鱼食喂养幼虫。

每天用塑料移液器清除死的幼虫和幼虫。当所有幼崽都发育成成人时,计算成年男性和女性的数量,登记孵化和死亡的日期,并计算死亡率。为了测试寿命,从F1一代每个饮食组收集15个成年男性和15个成年女性到纸杯。

给成人喂10%葡萄糖溶液。每天使用钳子或刷子将死去的成年人取出。将蚊子保持在相同的温度、湿度、光循环条件和糖喂养机制下。

登记死亡日期并计算寿命。为了测量机翼长度,冷麻醉五天大的F1雄女成年蚊子从每个饮食组在20摄氏度90秒。在立体镜下,用钳子轻轻抓住每只蚊子的胸,并把它们的腹侧向上放置。

使用手术刀收集两个翅膀,并把它们放在一个干净的显微镜幻灯片上,其中包含一滴干燥的安装介质,使用分级目镜进行进一步测量。使用微米用立体镜测量翼长。在这项研究中,比较了雌性食虫蚊子以配方丰富的人工餐为食,而以最初液体饮食为食的蚊子或新鲜血液餐为食的蚊子的表现。

以富血喂养的雌性蚊子数量为89%,明显高于以血液喂养的雌性蚊子数量,占56%。与用丰富的人造粉喂养的蚊子相比,喂养的蚊子的血液变异性更高。就成人体型而言,用丰富的人工餐喂养的F1蚊在预期范围内,与血液喂养的昆虫蚊子相似。

在我看来,用副膜正确组装进料器非常重要,以避免其破裂。如果膜没有很好地连接到玻璃喂食器,你可能会失去膳食,并可能失去一些蚊子,因为它们可以覆盖的膳食和死亡。我们想进行双重选择吸引力分析,例如使用酒精度计,这样我们实际上可以评估我们的女性是否更吸引人工饮食或血液。

此外,我们现在冻干人工饮食和研究它在不同的温度之间的稳定性很长一段时间。除了我们一直在努力的稳定性和储存性明显改善外,还应研究蚊子健身和生理饮食的长期使用。我相信,生产无血的食肉剂将促进大量蚊子的对照工具的载体研究和实施。

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