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Neuroscience
联合药物输液和电生理学的显微注射系统
联合药物输液和电生理学的显微注射系统
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Microinjectrode System for Combined Drug Infusion and Electrophysiology

联合药物输液和电生理学的显微注射系统

Full Text
7,358 Views
08:30 min
November 13, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/60365-v

M. Isabel Vanegas1, Kenneth R. Hubbard1,2, Rahim Esfandyarpour3,4, Behrad Noudoost1

1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences,University of Utah, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of Utah, 3Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,University of California, Irvine, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of California, Irvine

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a microinjectrode system tailored for drug infusion, electrophysiology, and the delivery of experimental probes like microelectrodes and nanosensors. The system minimizes tissue damage, allowing for repeated use in awake, behaving animals. A protocol for constructing the microinjectrode and results from a muscimol infusion in macaque cortex are detailed.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Electrophysiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Microfluidics

Background

  • Traditional methods may compromise fragile probes when penetrating the dura mater.
  • Existing techniques can cause significant tissue damage during insertion.
  • Repeated use of microinjectrodes is critical for longitudinal studies in living animals.
  • Microfluidics allows precise delivery of small volumes, essential for drug infusion strategies.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a versatile microinjectrode system for various applications.
  • To facilitate the safe delivery of probes into brain tissue.
  • To enable controlled drug infusion with minimal tissue impact.

Methods Used

  • The study utilizes a custom microinjectrode system involving a cannula and microfluidic components.
  • It employs a biological model using macaque cortex for drug infusion experiments.
  • The protocol outlines detailed assembly and insertion procedures of the microinjectrode.
  • Key steps include preparing the microelectrode, verifying leak-free assembly, and conducting drug infusions.

Main Results

  • Successful infusion of a GABA A agonist resulted in reversible inactivation of the frontal eye field, monitoring the effects during a memory-guided saccade task.
  • The microinjectrode maintained structural integrity while allowing precise probe placement.
  • The microfluidic system effectively delivered drugs in the nanoliter scale.
  • Key findings highlight the improved application of microinjectrodes for various electrophysiological experiments.

Conclusions

  • This microinjectrode system demonstrates enhanced capabilities for drug delivery and electrophysiological measurements in vivo.
  • The adaptations allow researchers to explore neuronal mechanisms with less tissue damage and improved data integrity.
  • The findings have significant implications for future studies on neuronal activities and drug effects in behaving animals.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using the microinjectrode system?
The microinjectrode system minimizes tissue damage while allowing for repeated use in awake, behaving animals, which is essential for longitudinal studies.
How is the experimental probe inserted using the microinjectrode?
The probe is loaded into the cannula to ensure protection during insertion, which is critical when penetrating the dura mater.
What types of outcomes can be measured with this system?
The system allows for precision in drug infusion and real-time electrophysiological recordings from neural tissue, enabling detailed studies of neuronal responses.
Can this method be adapted for other types of experiments?
Yes, the microinjectrode can be configured for various experimental needs, including different types of probes or drug infusions tailored for specific studies.
What are potential limitations of the microinjectrode system?
Considerations include ensuring the system remains leak-free during assembly and handling specific handling procedures to avoid damage to fragile probes.

我们提出了一个显微注射系统,用于电生理学和辅助交付实验探头(即纳米传感器,微电极),可选配药物输注。广泛可用的微流体成分与包含探头的导管耦合。包括一个微注射的分步协议,在猴皮层中注入木糖醇时的结果。

此微注射系统设计用于药物输液、电生理学以及微电极和纳米传感器等实验探针的交付和检索。它经过优化,可反复用于清醒行为动物,对周围组织有轻微的穿透损伤。微电子系统可配置为多种用途。

第一种是用于放置实验探针的简单布局,否则实验探针太脆弱,无法穿透杜拉母体。第二种是药物的微流体输液,或者单独或耦合到含有实验探针的管中。系统的微流体组件允许在纳米光度中交付体积。

测量管和纳米传感器探头或微型传感器的长度。探头的长度必须比管长,从管尖突出,加上大约一厘米。在放大镜下,通过背面将探头加载到管中,以保护探头的尖端。

将包含探针的管从底部铁杉插入 T 结。将管的顶端侧放在 T 交界处的中间。通过将交汇点缩回交汇点,然后拧紧,避免通过管形堵塞交汇点。

将油管连接到微选择的顶部。通过毛细管、T 结、管和相应的铁管将微电子背加载。以所需长度切割微电子,然后刮掉端。

确保电极的背面从毛细管背面伸出不到一厘米,电极的尖端在底部的所需距离下从管子伸出。将微选择端子放入金销中,将金销焊接到微电子端子上。在金针和顶部铁杉之间加入环氧树脂,将微选择连接到铁杉上。

环氧树脂固化后,最好超过24小时,拧开顶部铁杉,以确保微选择完全缩回管内。要构造微流体电路,请将宽板放在稳定的表面上。将两个三向阀平行于宽板最长的边,相距约 12 厘米,一个端口彼此朝开。

使用螺钉将阀门固定到大板上,然后为标尺线再切割 10 厘米的毛细管,并放在两者之间。使用标准管杆将油管拧紧到阀门的朝端口。切割 10 到 20 厘米的毛细管,并使用标准管和 Luer 锁连接器将注射器上的管连接到输入阀上的一个端口。

切割一小块毛细管,将其连接到输出阀作为冲洗管。切割两块更长的毛细管,约100厘米,将输出阀连接到微电子管。将药物泵和标记泵连接到输入阀。

首先,确保微电子实验探针在管中缩回。要使用螺钉将定制适配器连接到微电子驱动器,请通过导管将微电子驱动器顶部加载,并使用一对螺钉将其固定到定制的微型驱动器适配器上。测量微电子从导管伸出的微驱动位置的深度,然后缩回导管一厘米以准备插入。

对于微输液实验,将脑线连接到微注射器未用的T结开口。使用标准铁杉,用铁杉扳手拧紧。确保顶部铁杉也拧紧。

然后,将微型驱动器定位在烧杯上。将氯己丁以每升20克的速度装入一毫升气密注射器,并放入药物泵中。转动阀门的流量方向,将低流量设置为每分钟 50 至 200 微升,使液体从药物泵通过输入阀进入输出阀并流出脑管。

用氯己西丁冲洗电路至少10分钟。用无菌盐水重复冲洗,然后用空气冲洗。在交汇处轻轻涂抹无绒擦拭,以帮助通过铁杉释放任何液体泄漏。

最关键的步骤是验证注射剂和微流体电路的组装是否无泄漏。将药物装在500微升气密注射器中,压缩空气,然后放在药物泵中。将流量调整到每分钟 50 微升,让液体流动,直到微电子中留下几滴。

然后,在每升20克浓度下将导管浸泡在氯己莱丁中15分钟。将输出阀的方向转向冲洗线,以在标记泵前进时取代标记,直到标尺线上观察到明显的色边和油。确保药物和颜色之间总是有油,以便不混合两种水溶性材料,并失去它们之间的锐边。

标记此油染管线的起始位置。在必要的实验设置后,通过松开顶部铁管将微电子缩回管中。将微驱动器连接到记录室并降低导管以穿透杜拉。

接下来,将微脑下部降低至大脑记录位上方约两毫米。拧紧顶部铁杉,将金针连接到记录系统。继续将微电子推进到目标站点。

然后,将输出阀切换到脑管。对于输液实验,使用手动微注入泵每分钟将油柱移动 0.5 厘米。注入所需体积后,将输出阀切换到冲洗管路。

在这项研究中,在动物完成记忆引导囊球任务时,通过右半球FEF区域注射GABA A激动剂,用于前眼场的可逆灭活。极坐标图显示相对于固定点的不同位置的偏心性能。注射两小时后,左侧视觉中场的性能明显下降。

此处显示了 FEF 中 Muscimol 注射之前和之后八个外围内存位置的 Saccade 跟踪。在Muscimol注射后,左视觉中场的萨克卡德精度下降。一旦设置完成,该方法是非常可靠和可靠的。

然而,由于管子和端口内小分子的沉淀,每次使用前和每次实验后都需要彻底冲洗,以保持微流体无障碍物和泄漏。虽然这种方法在非人类灵长类动物的前眼场中得到证明,但该原理可应用于任何其他大脑区域,在啮齿动物大小或较大的物种中,需要电刺激、记录和药物注射的某种组合。我们的系统具有独立记录或与药物注射结合使用的灵活性,并且能够精确放置任何脆弱的实验探针,防止通过杜拉母体和神经组织受损,其小管直径造成的组织损伤最小。

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