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Biology
免疫荧光DNA修复蛋白相互作用的可视化
免疫荧光DNA修复蛋白相互作用的可视化
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Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

免疫荧光DNA修复蛋白相互作用的可视化

Full Text
10,965 Views
07:55 min
June 26, 2020

DOI: 10.3791/61447-v

Bárbara de la Peña Avalos1,2, Eloïse Dray1,2

1Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 2Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study explores the dynamics of DNA repair protein recruitment in human cells following DNA damage. By utilizing indirect immunofluorescence, the research investigates protein-protein interactions and the formation of repair protein foci at damage sites. HeLa cells are employed as a model system to analyze spatial and temporal patterns in protein localization.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background

  • Understanding DNA damage response mechanisms is crucial for insights into genomic integrity.
  • Protein foci formation plays a central role in the DNA repair process.
  • Indirect immunofluorescence provides a powerful method for visualizing protein interactions.

Methods Used

  • Indirect immunofluorescence for detecting DNA repair proteins
  • HeLa cells as the biological system
  • Image acquisition and analysis for evaluating protein localization and colocalization

Main Results

  • Identified the temporal recruitment of DNA repair proteins post-irradiation.
  • Documented the formation of protein foci at sites of DNA damage.
  • Provided quantitative analysis of colocalization indicating potential direct interactions between proteins.

Conclusions

  • The study elucidates the mechanisms of protein recruitment and interaction in response to DNA damage.
  • Findings contribute to the broader understanding of DNA repair pathways in cellular contexts.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of DNA repair proteins?
DNA repair proteins are essential for maintaining genomic stability and preventing mutations.
How does indirect immunofluorescence work?
Indirect immunofluorescence uses antibodies to detect specific proteins, allowing visualization under a fluorescence microscope.
Why were HeLa cells chosen for this study?
HeLa cells are widely used in biological research due to their robustness and well-characterized biology.
What are protein foci?
Protein foci are clusters of proteins that localize at sites of cellular activity, such as DNA damage.
What techniques were used for image analysis?
Image acquisition software and analysis tools were employed to evaluate protein localization and colocalization.
How can colocalization indicate protein interactions?
Colocalization of proteins in the same pixel can suggest that they interact directly or are part of the same complex.
How does the formation of foci relate to DNA repair?
Focus formation is related to the recruitment and concentration of repair proteins necessary for effective DNA repair.

在DNA损伤之后,人类细胞激活必要的修复途径,以恢复其基因组的完整性。在这里,我们描述了间接免疫荧光的方法,作为检测DNA修复蛋白,分析其空间和时间招募,并帮助查询DNA损伤点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的方法。

间接免疫荧光使得检测DNA修复蛋白成为可能,空间和时间招募的照片,它有助于在DNA损伤现场查询蛋白蛋白相互作用。DNA损伤后,DNA修复蛋白被招募到DNA侮辱,而它们的浓度增加本地,他们形成组称为foci,可以通过间接免疫荧光在固定样品上可视化。这种技术可用于检测蛋白质来源,以及量化细胞中存在的细胞的结肠化。

这可以帮助解释复杂地层和DNA修复所需的事件序列。特定的蛋白蛋白相互作用可以从这些实验中得到。演示程序将是芭芭拉德拉佩纳,一个非常有才华的博士后照片从我的实验室开始,通过成长4万个希拉细胞在每个超过12井板与18毫米圆形玻璃盖玻片到80%的汇合。

将细胞暴露在四个灰色伽马照射下后,用一毫升 PBS 洗涤两次。然后完全取出PBS,向每井添加200微升的NDB。在室温下孵育细胞两分钟,然后取出NDB。

请记住,孵育时间可能因细胞系而异,但通常不应超过两分钟。用一毫升PBS清洗细胞。然后完全取出PBS,将200微升4%PFA添加到每井中,用于细胞固定。

在4摄氏度下孵育细胞10分钟。然后取出PFA,向每一井添加一毫升PBS。完全去除PBS,然后向每井添加200微升的阻消溶液,并在室温下孵育细胞2小时,或在4摄氏度下孵育16至18小时。

稀释原抗体和稀释缓冲液,并涡流,直到很好地混合在湿度箱中,在这里一片副膜,并在一滴中加入10微升原抗体。将盖玻片的一个边缘与水滴对齐,然后慢慢将其降到铺开液体的副膜上。在室温下孵育盖玻片两小时。

孵育后,盖子在PBS中滑动三次,每次洗涤一分钟。稀释二次抗体和稀释缓冲液,并旋转它,直到混合良好,将10微升的二次抗体应用到每个盖玻片上,如前所述,并在室温下孵育两小时,防止光线。用 PBS 清洗盖滑三次,每次洗水一次。

然后用含 DAPI 密封盖的基于甘油的安装介质将它们安装到玻璃幻灯片上,并用透明指甲油进行干燥 20 分钟。将浸入油滴放在 60 x 客观透镜上,并使用 DAPI 通过目镜定位核以进行 XYZ 图像采集,打开采集软件,将扫描仪类型设置为扫描器类型,将扫描仪类型设置为圆形和 512 x 512 图像大小。在 PMT 面板模式下设置为 VBM 平均值到帧,顺序扫描到线。

接下来设置染料和热探测器设置通道一到DAPI和SD一,通道二到亚历克萨弗488和HSD三,通道三到亚历克萨弗在647和HSD四选择到Z.To调整实时图像,按下实时窗口的实时按钮,并调整焦点。然后使用 PMT 工具窗口设置激光强度灵敏度、增益和偏移 z 堆栈,选择"开始到结束"和"15 片"。选择该文件夹以保存图像,然后按 LSM 开始按钮开始获取。

完成后,按完成序列按钮以完成图像采集。打开分析软件,然后按批处理工具窗口,然后选择要分析的图像。转到分析工具窗口并选择投影,该投影将显示 15 个切片的最大强度投影。

在输入输出设置下,选择创建的批处理和输出文件夹。按要处理的图像的过程,然后将图像导出为 TIFF 文件。根据手稿指示使用细胞增版进行核定量。

未经过辐射处理的细胞很少出现伽马H2AX博览标志。在缺乏必要的DNA修复蛋白的情况下,可以在DNA断裂时观察到伽马H2AX的积累。未修复的断裂的积累可能导致细胞成为由固体伽马H2AX核指示的前期低度。

辐照后,核表现出大量的双搁浅断裂,伽马H2AX的局部性非常迅速。如果没有辐射,很少观察到任何 foci,但辐射后一二四和十六小时以及 NOA 辐射控制方面,对 foci 的数量进行量化。根据提出的生物学问题和所需的数据类型,应考虑通过不同动物物种中提出的多路复用初级抗体和使用二级抗体来研究同分体化,并标有不同的荧光团。

绿色和红色的叠加,产生黄色热点,感兴趣的两种蛋白质都存在于相同的像素中。科洛化的定量分析可以通过基于对象的方法或执行强度相关系数分析的统计方法实现。在不同动物物种中产生的主要抗体的组合,可用于此协议。

确保抗体是相容的,不会相互干扰。您需要适当地设置用于针对每个初级抗体的二级抗体,并在选择要使用的较少力时考虑特定的光谱重叠。结肠化或蛋白质表示可能的直接相互作用。

这可以通过细胞中的颗粒沉淀来验证,或者直接使用体外纯化蛋白质进行分解。

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