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Neuroscience
使用MRI,组织清除和光片显微镜对完整的新生小鼠大脑进行全脑单细胞成像和分析
使用MRI,组织清除和光片显微镜对完整的新生小鼠大脑进行全脑单细胞成像和分析
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Whole-Brain Single-Cell Imaging and Analysis of Intact Neonatal Mouse Brains Using MRI, Tissue Clearing, and Light-Sheet Microscopy

使用MRI,组织清除和光片显微镜对完整的新生小鼠大脑进行全脑单细胞成像和分析

Full Text
4,180 Views
08:49 min
August 1, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64096-v

Felix A. Kyere*1,2, Ian Curtin*1,2, Oleh Krupa1,2, Carolyn M. McCormick1,2, Mustafa Dere3, Sarah Khan3,7, Minjeong Kim7, Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang4,5,6, Qiuhong He4,5,6, Guorong Wu3, Yen-Yu Ian Shih4,5,6, Jason L. Stein1,2

1UNC Neuroscience Center,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 2Department of Genetics,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 3Department of Psychiatry,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 4Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging,The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5Biomedical Research Imaging Center,The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6Department of Neurology,The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7Department of Computer Science,The University of North Carolina at Greensboro

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study outlines a protocol for imaging intact mouse brains through magnetic resonance imaging, clearing, and immunolabeling using iDISCO+ and light-sheet microscopy. The method aims to facilitate accurate cell quantification in the mouse cortex with advanced image analysis tools.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Imaging Techniques
  • Cell Quantification

Background

  • The mouse brain contains approximately 100 million cells.
  • High-resolution images can reach terabyte sizes, requiring advanced analysis tools.
  • The iDISCO+ protocol is crucial for clearing and immunolabeling brain samples.
  • Light-sheet microscopy allows for detailed imaging of complex structures.

Purpose of Study

  • To improve methods for conducting 3D imaging of mouse brains.
  • To present a computational pipeline for preprocessing and quantifying cellular data.
  • To demonstrate the capability of revealing distinct neuron populations in various brain regions.

Methods Used

  • Light-sheet microscopy was employed for imaging using the UltraMicroscope II.
  • The biological model involved intact mouse brains, specifically targeted for cell quantification.
  • A computational pipeline, NuMorph, was used for preprocessing and analyzing imaging data.
  • Key procedural steps included mounting samples, configuring imaging settings, and using MATLAB for data processing.

Main Results

  • Nuclei were detected with high precision using a trained 3D U-Net model, allowing for extensive cellular analysis.
  • Around 12 million total nuclei were quantified in the isocortex and other brain regions.
  • Errors in preprocessing were highlighted as critical for ensuring accurate image alignment and cell counting.
  • Successful processing led to clear visualization of specific neuron populations, aiding in understanding cortical structure.

Conclusions

  • This protocol advances imaging methodologies to enable detailed studies of brain architecture.
  • The integrated use of iDISCO+ and light-sheet microscopy demonstrates the importance of preprocessing for accurate analyses.
  • The findings hold significant implications for further research into neuronal mechanisms and disease models.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using the iDISCO+ protocol?
The iDISCO+ protocol allows for effective clearing and labeling of brain tissues, enabling high-contrast imaging of cell structures.
How is the main biological model implemented in the study?
Tissue samples from intact mouse brains are prepared and mounted for imaging, allowing for comprehensive analysis of neuronal populations.
What types of data or outcomes are obtained from this imaging method?
The method produces detailed 3D representations of brain structures, facilitating quantification of nuclei and visualization of neuronal distributions.
How can the imaging method be adapted for other studies?
This method can be adapted to study various brain regions or other biological tissues by modifying immunolabeling techniques and imaging settings.
What are some key limitations to consider with this protocol?
Key limitations include potential errors in preprocessing steps that can affect image quality and accuracy in nuclei counting.

该协议描述了使用iDISCO +对完整小鼠大脑进行磁共振成像,清除和免疫标记的方法,然后详细说明了使用光片显微镜成像和使用NuMorph的下游分析。

小鼠大脑中约有1亿个细胞,全脑细胞分辨率图像的大小接近TB级,因此需要先进的图像分析工具来准确量化细胞。我们的计算管道可以预处理图像并量化小鼠皮层内的细胞核,同时在细胞检测精度、成像时间和计算资源之间保持合理的折衷。演示该程序的将是我实验室的研究生Felix Kyere和Ian Curtin。

首先,将样品安装在正确的样品尺寸支架中,由于UltraMicroscope II显微镜的额定工作距离,样品的z尺寸深度不超过5.2毫米。然后将支架插入样品支架,使支架的螺钉与支架的支架成 45 度角。接下来,将支架放置到使样品垂直于光路的位置。

之后,将显微镜上的变焦主体设置为4倍放大倍率或更高,每像素产生0.75微米。在 Inspector Pro 软件中,选择数值孔径值约为 0.08 的单个光片。为确保沿图像宽度保持轴向分辨率,请选择水平动态聚焦并根据激光波长应用建议的步数。

然后根据配准通道调整每个通道的精细焦点,并根据通道属性调整每个通道的激光功率。接下来,将光片宽度调整为约 50%,以确保片材功效在样本大小的 y 维中最佳分布。然后,根据样本大小设置图块数,建议在图块之间重叠 15%,并在给定图块位置为每个堆栈按顺序捕获每个通道的图像。

首先,下载并安装适用于Linux和NuMorph图像处理工具的Conda环境管理器。在命令行上,运行 matlab 并NM_setup。m从NuMorph下载并安装分析所需的图像分析软件包。

然后通过编辑文件NM_samples.m来指定样本名称、输入和输出目录、通道信息和光片成像参数。对于强度调整,在NMp_template中,在处理一组新图像时,将"强度"调整设置为"真",use_processed_images设置为"假"。接下来,将save_images和save_samples设置为 true。

接下来,将拼贴着色设置为基本以使用基本算法应用阴影校正,或手动以使用UltraMicroscope II在特定光片宽度下的测量值应用平铺阴影校正。对于图像通道对齐,在NMp_template中,将channel_alignment设置为 true,将通道alignment_method设置为平移或松紧。接下来,将sift_refinement设置为 true,重叠值为 0.15,以匹配成像期间的切片重叠。

要在 MATLAB 中运行预处理步骤,请指定样本名称并将配置设置为NM_config处理样本。然后,通过使用强度、对齐或拼接指定载物台NM_process指定配置针迹来运行任何预处理步骤,并检查输出目录中是否有每个阶段的输出文件。从 3D 地图集图像和关联的注释图像开始,该图像将每个体素分配给特定结构。

对齐 Atlas 图像和注释文件,以确保它们在正确的方向上正确匹配。对齐后,通过执行命令处理 NuMorph 中的文件以指定手稿中所述的输入。在NMa_template中,将resample_images设置为 true,resample_resolution以匹配地图集。

然后使用 resample_channels 指定要重新采样的通道号。然后,将register_images设置为 true,指定与 Atlas 目录中的文件匹配的atlas_file,并将registration_parameters设置为默认值。然后将save_registered_images设置为 true。

对于细胞核检测、细胞计数和分类,请将count_nuclei和classify_cells都设置为 true。然后将count_method设置为 3dunet 和 min_intensity,为检测到的对象定义最小强度阈值。接下来,将classify_method设置为基于质心位置的非监督荧光强度的阈值或模拟监督线性支持向量机分类器的 SVM。

要在 MATLAB 中执行分析步骤,请指定样本名称并设置配置以NM_config分析样本。接下来,通过指定配置阶段来运行任何分析步骤NM_analyze同时使用重采样、寄存器、计数或分类指定阶段,并检查每个阶段的输出文件的输出目录。在NMe_template中,将 update 设置为 true,compare_structures_by设置为任一索引。

然后设置模板文件和结构表,其中指定所有可能的结构索引和结构,在指定细胞计数和细胞类型分类时进行评估。使用iDISCO+协议和神经元层特异性细胞核标记物进行组织清除,从而在等皮层中明确定义上层和下层神经元的细胞群。使用NuMorph的细胞计数取决于成功的预处理步骤,包括强度调整,通道对齐和拼接。

但是,预处理步骤中的错误可能导致拼接不当,导致对齐和拼接不正确,从而导致图像具有对焦和失焦图案。为了计算来自特定大脑区域的细胞核,拼接的图像将使用Atlas进行注释,从而允许注释叠加在大脑区域。在NuMorph中使用经过训练的3D U-Net模型检测细胞核的质心,其中约1200万个总细胞核在等皮层中具有TO-PRO-3阳性,其中约260万个脑二阳性和160万个CTIP2阳性细胞核。

分别在基底神经节和海马别特皮层中检测到约3.7和290万个TO-PRO-3阳性总核。然而,在这两个大脑区域中检测到的脑二阳性细胞可以忽略不计,在基底神经节和海马异体皮层中,每不到一百万个CTIP2阳性细胞中只有约1.5个被检测到。在采集过程中执行视觉质量检查,以实现良好的分割。

并正确设置 Conda 环境,以确保在下游分析中不会遇到错误。除了细胞计数之外,该管道还允许与其他分割工具集成,这些工具可以测量细胞大小和形状,然后可以跨基因型组进行比较。通过我们的管道,我们可以确定大脑解剖结构在细胞分辨率下如何变化,从而识别对疾病风险很重要的细胞类型和大脑区域。

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