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使用高分辨率呼吸测定法实时分析原代人视网膜色素上皮细胞中的生物能量学
使用高分辨率呼吸测定法实时分析原代人视网膜色素上皮细胞中的生物能量学
JoVE Journal
Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry

使用高分辨率呼吸测定法实时分析原代人视网膜色素上皮细胞中的生物能量学

Full Text
2,951 Views
09:16 min
February 3, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/64572-v

Tessa C. Fitch*1,2, Scott I. Frank*1, Yutong Kelly Li1, Magali Saint-Geniez1,2, Leo A. Kim1,2, Daisy Y. Shu1,2

1Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, 2Department of Ophthalmology,Harvard Medical School

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study investigates the metabolic status of human retinal pigment epithelial (H-RPE) cells, which is crucial for understanding their health and function. An optimized protocol for employing high-resolution respirometry to analyze real-time metabolic fluxes of H-RPE is presented.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Cell metabolism
  • Retinal pigment epithelial cell function
  • High-resolution respirometry

Background

  • RPE cells play a vital role in ocular health.
  • Metabolic profiling is essential for characterizing RPE health.
  • High-resolution respirometry assesses both oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) and glycolysis.

Methods Used

  • High-resolution respirometry for measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR).
  • Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (H-RPE).
  • Protocol for preparing and conducting metabolic assays.

Main Results

  • Demonstrated metabolic profiles of normal and diseased RPE.
  • Identified specific metabolic shifts associated with cellular health.
  • Validated the utility of high-resolution respirometry in drug development.

Conclusions

  • This study highlights the importance of metabolic profiling in RPE cells.
  • The findings provide a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of high-resolution respirometry in this study?
It allows for the simultaneous assessment of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in H-RPE cells, facilitating detailed metabolic analysis.
Why are retinal pigment epithelial cells important?
They are critical for the maintenance of retinal health and are among the first cells to degenerate in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
How does metabolic profiling assist in drug development?
By understanding metabolic pathways, researchers can identify targets for new pharmaceuticals aimed at improving RPE cell health.
What are OCR and ECAR measurements used for?
OCR measures mitochondrial respiration, while ECAR provides insights into glycolytic activity, together indicating overall cell metabolism.
What steps are involved in preparing H-RPE cells for the assay?
Cells are cultured, checked for morphology, and then prepared with specific assay media before conducting the metabolic tests.
Can this methodology be applied to other cell types?
Yes, the protocol can be adapted to study the metabolic profiles of other types of cells.
What outcomes can be expected from this research?
Expected outcomes include improved understanding of RPE metabolism and potential therapeutic targets for retinal diseases.

人视网膜色素上皮细胞(H-RPE)的代谢状态反映了它们的健康和功能。这里介绍的是一个优化的方案,用于使用高分辨率呼吸测定法检查H-RPE的实时代谢通量。

询问氧磷和糖酵解的实时生物能量谱正在成为表征 RPE 健康和功能的关键因素。高分辨率呼吸测量法可以有效地比较正常和患病 RPE 的代谢状态。该技术的优点是通过测量耗氧速率,OCR和细胞外酸化速率ECAR同时探索oxphos和糖酵解。

RPE细胞是高度代谢活跃的细胞,是AMD期间最早退化的细胞之一。了解它们的代谢和线粒体功能,使得开发新药成为可能。首先,在人RPE培养基中每孔添加100微升细胞悬液,最终浓度为每100微升20, 000个细胞。

并确保将四个角井留空。上下移液多次以确保细胞悬液均匀,使用多通道移液器以获得轻松和一致。仅向四个空角孔中加入 100 微升培养基以进行背景校正。

将细胞培养板在室温下放置一小时,以帮助最大限度地减少边缘效应。然后将其放入装有5%二氧化碳的培养箱中,37摄氏度加湿。孵育过夜后,在显微镜下检查细胞以检查其形态和色素沉着水平,然后再更换培养基。

在随后的检查日,确保细胞与特征性的鹅卵石样形态汇合,并随着时间的推移获得色素沉着。为确保在测定前一天传感器盒的水合作用,用200微升去离子水填充实用板的每个孔,并将传感器盒浸没在水中放在实用板上。将大约 20 毫升校准溶液在不含二氧化碳的 37 摄氏度加湿烤箱中过夜。

打开高分辨率呼吸测量仪并启动软件,让仪器在 37 摄氏度下稳定过夜。在测定当天,在运行测定前至少45分钟用等体积的加热校准溶液替换实用板中的水。将25毫升制备好的不含酚红的Mito压力测试测定培养基加热至37摄氏度,并真空过滤pH值为7.4的调节培养基,使用管顶过滤单元。

从细胞培养板中取出人RPE培养基,并加入100微升新鲜制备的测定培养基。然后将细胞培养板放入不含二氧化碳的37摄氏度加湿炉中一小时,然后再开始测定。每个传感器盒每个孔有四个试剂输送端口,用于在测定过程中将测试化合物注入细胞培养板孔中。

通过在各自的测定培养基中稀释药物储备液,每个制备三毫升Tenex药物溶液。接下来,将 20 微升 Tenex 药物原液移液到端口 A 中,将 22 微升移液到端口 B 中,将 25 微升移液到端口 C 中,以达到每个孔中指定的最终药物浓度。接下来在分析软件中,打开模板选项卡,选择 Mito 压力测试并填写组定义。

输入有关Mito压力测试药物注射策略的详细信息。然后输入测定中不同实验组的详细信息以进行对照或治疗。输入有关测定培养基的详细信息,以将不同的添加剂及其特定浓度添加到基础测定培养基中。

最后,添加单元格类型。单击下一个选项卡,然后单击板图,将不同的检查组分配到其在 96 孔板上的特定位置。完成板图后,单击协议选项卡以查看默认 Mito 压力测试协议的仪器协议。

然后单击运行测定,并将传感器盒插入,浸没在实用板的校准溶液中进行校准。此过程大约需要25分钟,每个生物传感器都会根据已知pH和氧气浓度的校准溶液中测量的传感器输出进行独立校准。校准完成后,取下实用板并插入细胞培养板。

基线测量后,仪器自动将端口A药物溶液注入每个孔中,该孔经过三个混合和测量循环,每个循环三分钟。在随后的每次药物注射后,都会发生相同的模式。运行完成后,取出细胞培养板和传感器盒。

出于质量控制目的,通过检查端口是否有残留药物,确保所有药物端口和传感器盒均已注射。接下来,在显微镜下检查细胞培养微孔板中的细胞,以确保细胞的汇合单层。然后丢弃测定培养基,并在每个孔中用60微升一个x裂解缓冲液代替。

用封口膜包裹板的边缘以防止蒸发,并将其放入零下80摄氏度的冰箱中,以帮助在使用BCA测定定量蛋白质含量之前进行细胞裂解过夜。根据数据分析,通过将耗氧率或 OCR 和细胞外酸化率或 ECAR 值除以每个孔中蛋白质的微克数来标准化所有数据。然后导出 Mito 压力测试报告生成器,该生成器利用 Excel 宏使用数据分析软件自动计算 Mito 压力测试参数。

通过遵循与Mito应激试验相同的步骤,可以进行糖酵解应激试验,但分析培养基补充剂和药物注射液除外,如表1和表2所示。该仪器在每次运行时同时测量 OCR 和 ECAR。对于Mito压力测试,周长计算基于OCAR读数,而对于糖酵解压力测试,参数计算基于ECAR读数。

这是对原代人RPE细胞进行Mito压力测试产生的OCR曲线。Mito应力测试参数的计算显示为条形图。同样,这是通过对原代人RPE细胞进行糖酵解应激测试而产生的ECAR曲线,计算结果显示为条形图。

为了优化用于Mito应激测试的端口B药物注射,比较了两种解偶联剂在增加原代人RPE细胞OCR方面的功效。研究发现,BAM15在增强线粒体呼吸能力方面优于FCCP,与FCCP相比,BAM15的最大呼吸和备用呼吸能力显着更高。重要的是要记住在运行测定前一天对传感器盒进行水合。

该技术使研究人员能够更好地表征RPE细胞的生物能量特征,并了解RPE细胞如何表现出代谢灵活性以响应不同的致病刺激。

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