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Biology
使用延时显微镜和蛋白质的阶段特异性核耗竭来研究酿酒酵母的减数分裂
使用延时显微镜和蛋白质的阶段特异性核耗竭来研究酿酒酵母的减数分裂
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JoVE Journal Biology
Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

使用延时显微镜和蛋白质的阶段特异性核耗竭来研究酿酒酵母的减数分裂

Full Text
2,209 Views
07:48 min
October 11, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64580-v

Gisela Cairo*1, Anne MacKenzie*1, Dai Tsuchiya1,2, Soni Lacefield1

1Department of Biology,Indiana University, 2Stowers Institute for Biomedical Research

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a protocol leveraging time-lapse microscopy to investigate meiosis in budding yeast, focusing on the conditional depletion of specific proteins during meiotic chromosome segregation. By synchronizing yeast cells in prophase one and manipulating protein levels at key stages, the method reveals distinct protein functions.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Meiosis
  • Cell Cycle Regulation
  • Protein Function in Chromosome Segregation

Background

  • Time-lapse microscopy allows for the real-time observation of cellular processes.
  • Budding yeast serves as an effective model for studying meiotic mechanisms.
  • Previous methods may yield residual effects impacting subsequent stages.

Methods Used

  • Time-lapse microscopy combined with cell-cycle synchronization.
  • Budding yeast as the primary biological model.
  • Conditional depletion of target proteins at specific meiotic stages.

Main Results

  • Identified unique roles for proteins by timing their depletion.
  • Demonstrated critical functions necessary for proper chromosome segregation.
  • Highlights defects in kinetochore attachment linked to protein depletion.

Conclusions

  • The protocol successfully elucidates protein functions during meiosis.
  • Offers insights relevant to understanding cell cycle events and mutations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main focus of this research?
The research focuses on the function of specific proteins during meiosis in budding yeast.
Why is time-lapse microscopy used in this study?
It allows for real-time observation of meiotic processes and protein functions.
What organism is used to study meiosis?
Budding yeast is utilized as the primary model organism.
How do the researchers synchronize the yeast cells?
The researchers synchronize cells in prophase one for the experiments.
What are the implications of protein depletion in meiosis?
Protein depletion impacts chromosome segregation and can reveal distinct protein functions at different meiotic stages.
Can the protocol be applied to other organisms?
Yes, the method may be adapted for use in various organisms, especially those without nuclear envelope breakdown.
What key findings were observed in the study?
The study found defects in kinetochore attachment due to conditional protein depletion, affecting meiotic outcomes.

延时显微镜是研究出芽酵母减数分裂的宝贵工具。该协议描述了一种结合细胞周期同步,延时显微镜和目标蛋白的条件耗竭的方法,以证明如何在减数分裂染色体分离期间研究特定蛋白质的功能。

通过在前期一同步细胞,然后在特定阶段消耗目标蛋白,该方法可以识别特定蛋白质的暂时不同功能。在肌病的特定阶段有条件地消耗蛋白质可以防止传统肌突变体在后期阶段产生的残留效应。该方法可用于研究出芽酵母有丝分裂和其他不经历核包膜分解的生物。

此外,该方法可用于其他生物体,以研究核包膜分解之前的细胞周期事件。首先,制作一个琼脂垫,用于创建用于成像的单层细胞。切下并丢弃1.5毫升微量离心管的盖子和底部三分之一,以创建一个圆柱体,该圆筒将用作琼脂垫的模具。

将切割好的微量离心管筒放在干净的载玻片上,将管的顶部倒置,坐在载玻片上。在 50 毫升烧杯中制作 6 毫升 5% 琼脂溶液。切掉移液器的尖端以形成更大的开口,并将大约500微升融化的琼脂移液到微量离心管中。

让它在室温下静置,直到琼脂凝固。为了制备酵母细胞,在一毫升微量离心管中以800G旋转200微升孢子培养物两分钟。弃去180微升上清液。

通过旋转和轻弹试管将沉淀重悬于剩余的上清液中。用ConA将六微升浓缩细胞移液到腔室中间的盖玻片上。用琼脂垫握住圆筒,然后小心地将其从载玻片上滑落。

确保琼脂底部完全平坦,并使用移液器尖端的底部,对微量离心机模具施加轻微的压力,使琼脂垫略高于管的边界。接下来,倒置模具,使琼脂垫朝下朝向腔室。使用镊子轻轻地将琼脂垫放在细胞顶部,用移液器尖端将琼脂垫在腔室周围轻轻滑动 10 到 20 次,以在盖玻片上形成单层细胞。

将琼脂垫在腔室中保持 12 至 15 分钟。接下来,将两毫升孢子培养物转移到两个微量离心管中,并以15, 700 G离心两分钟。将上清液转移到干净的微量离心管中后,在相同条件下再次旋转并收集上清液以清洁微量离心管。

将两毫升上清液滴加到含有琼脂垫的腔室中。一旦液体到达腔室顶部,琼脂垫很可能会漂浮。用镊子轻轻取出琼脂垫并丢弃。

在腔室顶部放置一个 24 x 50 毫米的盖玻片,以防止成像过程中蒸发。要在显微镜上设置视频,请将盖玻片安装在载玻片支架内。将成型粘土粘附在盖玻片的侧面,以将其牢固地固定在载玻片支架中。

打开图像采集软件。使用粗调和微调旋钮使用 DIC 或明场聚焦细胞。在图像采集软件的主菜单上,单击文件,选择采集,将弹出四个窗口。

在名为 Resolve 3D 的窗口中,单击锥形瓶图标。这将打开一个名为"设计运行实验"的窗口,其中包含用于设置实验以设置延时摄影影片的控件。在"设计"选项卡下,导航到标有"切片"的选项卡。

选中 Z 切片旁边的框,并将光学切片间距设置为 1 微米,将光学切片数量设置为 5。接下来,在"频道"选项卡下,单击加号图标并选择适当的频道。然后,选择参考图像旁边的框,并从下拉菜单中将 Z 位置设置为样品的中间。

从下拉菜单中选择透射率和曝光时间的值。在"延时摄影"选项卡下,选中"延时摄影"旁边的框,然后输入分钟和小时值以标识图像采集的时间间隔。选中"使用终极对焦保持对焦"旁边的框,以防止影片期间出现舞台漂移。

在"点"选项卡下,选中"访问点列表"旁边的框。在主菜单中,单击"查看"并选择"点列表"。将载物台移动到显示单层细胞的腔室区域。

单击"点列表"窗口中的标记点。移动载物台以选择 25 到 30 个点,没有任何重叠,以避免在每个时间过程中过度曝光单元格并成像每个场。在"点列表"窗口中,选择"全部校准"以为每个点设置最终焦点。

在"运行"选项卡下,将文件保存到计算机上的相应目标。在"运行实验"窗口中,选择"播放"按钮以启动影片。打开斐济软件。

打开 DIC 和 mCherry 通道。通过单击图像,然后单击堆栈和Z投影,然后从下拉菜单中选择最大强度,获得mCherry通道的单个最大强度投影。要将DIC和mCherry通道合并到一个图像中,请单击图像,颜色,然后选择合并通道。

跟随单个细胞通过减数分裂。减数分裂II完成后,记录DNA质量数。在具有锚点背景的野生型细胞中,减数分裂II末端通常有四个DNA团块,代表减数分裂的四种产物。

当Ctf19-FRB在前期I释放时锚定时,大约47%的细胞在减数分裂完成后显示超过四个DNA质量,表明动粒和微管的附着存在缺陷。随着 Ctf19-FRB 的锚定,无论是在动粒组装之后但在减数分裂 I 之前,还是在减数分裂 II 之后,大约 16% 的细胞显示出额外的 DNA 质量。该方案最重要的部分之一是将上清液滴加到您的腔室中,以避免破坏您的单层。

此外,请注意准备成像所需的时间,以便在分析中考虑它。通过改变荧光包装的蛋白质,该程序可用于回答有关细胞周期持续时间,染色体分离,蛋白质丰度和蛋白质定位的问题。

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