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JoVE Journal
Biology
研究腔规则支架的习惯化
研究腔规则支架的习惯化
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
Studying Habituation in Stentor coeruleus

研究腔规则支架的习惯化

Full Text
3,922 Views
08:03 min
January 6, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/64692-v

Deepa Rajan1, Peter Chudinov1, Wallace Marshall1

1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics,University of California San Francisco

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a novel method for quantifying habituation in the unicellular organism Stentor, using a microcontroller-based apparatus to deliver controlled mechanical pulses. The approach aims to enhance our understanding of simple learning mechanisms, which may provide insights into conditions like ADHD and Tourette's Syndrome.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Neurobiology
  • Cellular learning mechanisms
  • Single-cell studies

Background

  • Habituation is a basic form of learning and memory.
  • Understanding single-cell behavior may reveal fundamental learning paradigms.
  • This study directly assesses the contraction response of Stentor to mechanical stimuli.

Methods Used

  • Microcontroller-based automation for stimulus delivery
  • Stentor, a unicellular organism
  • Mechanical pulse generation and video monitoring

Main Results

  • Demonstrated a progressive decline in contraction probability of Stentor over an hour given mechanical stimulation.
  • Alterations in force or frequency significantly affected habituation dynamics.
  • Established a method for exploring different types of learning behaviors in single cells.

Conclusions

  • The study provides insights into cellular habituation and its variability under different stimulation conditions.
  • This work has implications for broader biological research, especially in understanding learning processes in more complex systems.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is habituation?
Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
How does the method work?
The method uses mechanical pulses controlled by a microcontroller to assess the response of Stentor cells.
What organism is being studied?
The study focuses on Stentor, a unicellular organism known for its unique contractile responses.
Why is this research important?
It explores fundamental learning mechanisms that may relate to complex behavioral conditions in humans.
Can mechanical stimulation affect other cellular responses?
Yes, varying the stimulation parameters may reveal different types of cellular learning behaviors.
What conditions might this research help understand better?
The findings could contribute to understanding ADHD and Tourette's Syndrome, where habituation is affected.
What technologies are utilized in this study?
The study uses microcontroller technology to automate mechanical stimulus delivery and video recording for analysis.

我们介绍了一种使用微控制器板连接设备量化 支架 习惯化的方法,该设备可以在指定的力和频率下传递机械脉冲。我们还包括组装设备和以最小化外部扰动的方式设置实验的方法。

在单个细胞水平上研究习惯化将有助于表征独立于复杂神经回路的学习范式,从而帮助我们理解智力的起源。该技术允许在自动计算机控制下改变传递到细胞的机械刺激的力和频率,从而大大增加了输入序列的多样性。使用这些方法来研究细胞习惯化将有助于我们更多地了解习惯性受损的ADHD和图雷特综合征等疾病。

首先,通过将驱动器板上标有 A 的两根电线连接到电机上的蓝线和红线,将电机驱动器连接到电机。然后将驱动器板上标有 B 的两根电线连接到电机上的绿色和黑色电线。在构建面包板电路以正确的极性连接 LED 后,将 VCC 从驱动板连接到白色面包板的顶部导轨。

以及从驱动板到面包板底部导轨的地面。接下来,将试验板的接地连接到微控制器板的接地引脚。然后将绿色LED、红色LED、开关和按钮线分别连接到微控制器板数字引脚8、9、10和11。

将微控制器板数字引脚 2 和 3 连接到驱动板导线、步进和方向。然后将引脚 4 连接到 MS1,将引脚 5 连接到 MS2,将引脚 6 连接到 MS3,将引脚 7 连接到使能。要为驱动程序板供电,请将 12 伏电源插入黑绿色适配器插头,该插头通过两根红线连接到电机驱动板。

将控制程序下载到微控制器板上。使用 USB 电缆将微控制器板连接到计算机,计算机也将用作微控制器板的电源。获得Stentor后,通过在板中加入三毫升0.01%聚鸟氨酸溶液来涂覆35毫米板,然后放置过夜。

用超纯水清洗盘子两次,用巴氏杀菌泉水清洗一次。然后将3.5毫升巴氏杀菌泉水加入35毫米板中。在第一口井中加入三毫升巴氏杀菌的泉水,在第二和第三口井中加入五毫升。

使用 P1000 移液器,从培养皿中加入两毫升 Stentor 到六孔板的第一个孔中。用体视显微镜识别单个支架,然后使用 P20 移液器将 100 个支架从第一个孔转移到第二个孔。同样,如前所述,在用体视显微镜识别单个支架后,使用 P20 移液器将 100 个支架从第二个孔转移到第三个孔。

然后使用P200移液器,将总体积为500微升的100个支架从六孔板的第三个孔转移到35毫米板中,使得最终体积为4毫升。将一张白纸粘在习惯装置上的金属尺上,确保纸的左边缘距离最靠近电枢的尺子末端两厘米。使用双面胶带,将 35 毫米板的底部粘附在习惯装置上的尺子顶部的两英寸纸的中心。

将35毫米板放在习惯化装置上至少两个小时,盖子关闭。将 USB 显微镜相机正中,正中位于 35 毫米的 Stentor 板上方。要安装网络摄像头录像机应用程序,请打开网络摄像头录像机应用程序,然后从下拉菜单中选择USB显微镜。

调整USB显微镜相机上的焦点,使细胞清晰可见,相机位置以最大化视野中的细胞数量。打开单片机板串行监视器后,选择"无行尾"并将其设置为9, 600波特。使用微控制器板程序上的 L 命令降低电枢,直到它几乎不接触标尺,并在必要时使用 R 命令抬起臂以调整确切位置。

使用 I 命令初始化习惯化设备上的自动模式。在命令行中输入脉冲之间的步长和时间(以分钟为单位)。通过按红色录制按钮开始使用网络摄像头录像机应用程序拍摄视频。

然后拨动习惯化装置上的开关,以第一次自动机械脉冲传递开始实验。在视频中出现第一个机械脉冲之前,暂停并数数支架的数量,这些支架都锚定在 35 毫米板的底部并以细长的喇叭状形状延伸。同样,在第一次脉冲之后,计算既锚定在板底部又收缩成球状的支架的数量。

将第二个计数除以第一个计数,以确定响应机械刺激收缩的Stentor分数,同时对实验中的所有机械脉冲重复该过程。监测支架的收缩概率,结果表明它在一小时内逐渐下降。以每分钟一次敲击的频率接收四级机械脉冲后,表明习惯性。

改变机械脉冲传递的力或频率可以改变支架习惯性动力学。当使用每分钟一次敲击频率的二级脉冲组时,排除了一小时的习惯。我们可以通过改变机械刺激的力和频率来研究不同类型的习惯化动力学。

这是一个探索不同类型的学习的机会,例如宣传。从我们的方法中收集到的关于单细胞学习的定量见解可以激发重新编程多细胞组织内细胞的其他途径。另一种对抗疾病的潜在方法。

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