Name: 基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的柔性表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）衬底的制备及其超灵敏检测 (视频) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2023-11-17T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 3 min 33 s
Description: 了解基于聚二甲基硅氧烷的柔性表面增强拉曼散射衬底制备方法，该方法使用简单容器合成银纳米颗粒，无需复杂实验条件即可实现对R6G和Thiram等低浓度化合物的高灵敏度检测。

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本研究受到国家自然科学基金（项目编号：61974004 和 61931018）以及国家重点研发计划&amp;#38;D 计划项目（编号：2021YFB3200100）。本研究感谢北京大学电子显微镜实验室提供电子显微镜使用机会。此外，研究还感谢崔颖及北京大学地球与空间科学学院在拉曼测量方面提供的帮助。

1. 纳米颗粒的合成
<ol>
	<li>硝酸银溶液的制备
	<ol>
		<li>使用精密电子天平称取 0.0017 g 分析纯硝酸银（AgNO3，参见材料表），加入 10 mL 去离子水（DI 水）中。搅拌混合物，配制成浓度为 10-3 mol/L 的 AgNO3 溶液。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>银-氨络合物的制备
	<ol>
		<li>用注射器取 1 mL 分析纯氨水（NH3·H2O，参见材料表），在搅拌条件下逐滴加入硝酸银溶液中。当溶液变为澄清时，停止滴加。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>葡萄糖溶液的制备
	<ol>
		<li>使用精密电子天平称取 0.36 g 分析纯葡萄糖粉末（参见材料表），加入 10 mL 去离子水中。充分搅拌混合物，配制成 0.2 M 的葡萄糖溶液。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）的合成
	<ol>
		<li>使用移液枪每隔 30 分钟向葡萄糖溶液（步骤 1.3 制备）中加入 30 µL 银-氨络合物溶液（步骤 1.2 制备），共重复 4–6 次，同时持续搅拌，直至溶液变为黄色。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
2. 柔性基底的制备
<ol>
	<li>PDMS 基底的制备
	<ol>
		<li>为合成 PDMS 基底，取约 5 g PDMS A 溶液，并按 1:10 的比例加入 B 溶液（来自市售试剂盒，参见材料表）。</li>
		<li>搅拌并充分混合 PDMS A 和 B 溶液。</li>
		<li>将混合后的 PDMS 转移至方形培养皿中，随后在 80 °C 的烘箱中加热 2 h。</li>
		<li>经上述过程固化后，使用解剖刀沿培养皿上的深色网格切割 PDMS，制备出尺寸约为 1 cm × 1 cm 的小型 PDMS 立方体。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>表面修饰
	<ol>
		<li>将上述小型 PDMS 片段进行等离子体处理。使用手持式等离子体处理器（参见材料表），在 PDMS 表面上方约 5–10 cm 处前后移动，对表面进行等离子体处理。</li>
		<li>利用等离子体处理器对表面进行修饰，诱导 PDMS 表面生成羟基，使其具有亲水性27。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>APTES 修饰
	<ol>
		<li>配制 10% 的 APTES 溶液（参见材料表）。</li>
		<li>将步骤 2.2 中获得的表面修饰 PDMS 浸入 APTES 溶液中，静置 10 h。此过程使 APTES 与 PDMS 表面的羟基结合。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>AgNPs 的自组装
	<ol>
		<li>将步骤 2.3 中获得的 PDMS 基底浸入步骤 1.4 中合成的 AgNPs 溶液中，静置 10 h。该过程使 AgNPs 在 PDMS 基底上自组装，形成最终的柔性 SERS 检测基底。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

Fabrication of Flexible Substrate for SERS Detection of R6G and Thiram

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</ol>

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本研究介绍了一种柔性的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底，该基底通过化学修饰将银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）键合到聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）上，实现了优异的性能。在颗粒合成过程中，特别是在银氨络合物的合成（步骤1.2）中，溶液的颜色起着关键作用。逐滴加入过多的氨水会负面影响AgNPs的合成质量，可能导致检测结果失败。在合成过程中应注意基底的修饰（步骤2.2），否则AgNPs可能无法有效键合到PDMS上，从而导致检测性能下降。
在实际制备过程中，SERS基底的检测性能可能表现出不稳定性22。可通过改变待测物的溶剂来优化该问题。例如，使用乙腈作为福美双的溶剂比使用乙醇获得的结果更佳。此外，福美双试剂的质量也会影响检测到的SERS信号，因此在检测过程中应确保所用试剂在有效期内。
与其他研究36,37,38相比...

表面增强拉曼散射（Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS）作为拉曼散射的一种，具有高灵敏度和温和检测条件的优势，甚至可实现单分子检测1,2,3,4。通常采用金和银等金属纳米结构作为SERS基底以实现物质检测5,6。纳米结构表面的电磁耦合增强效应在SERS应用中起着重要作用。不同尺寸、形状、颗粒间距和组成的金属纳米结构可聚集形成大量&#34;热点&#34;，这些热点因局域表面等离激元共振而产生强烈的电磁场7,8。许多研究已开发出具有不同形貌的金属纳米粒子作为SERS基底，证明了其在实现SERS增强方面的有效性9,10。
柔性表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底具有广泛的应用，其将能够产生SERS效应的纳米结构沉积在柔性基底上，从而便于在曲面上进行直接检测。柔性SERS基底可用于在不规则、非平面或弯曲表面上检测和采集分析物。常见的柔性SERS基底包括纤维、聚合物薄膜和氧化石墨烯薄膜11,12,13,14。其中，聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）是最广泛使用的聚合物材料之一，具有高透明度、高抗拉强度、化学稳定性、无毒性和粘附性等优点15,16,17。PDMS的拉曼截面较低，因此其对拉曼信号的干扰可忽略不计18。由于PDMS预聚物呈液态，可通过加热或光照固化，具有高度的可控性和操作便利性。基于PDMS的SERS基底是较为常见的柔性SERS基底，在先前的研究中已被用于嵌入多种金属纳米颗粒，以高效检测不同的生化物质19,20。
在SERS基底的制备过程中，纳米间隙结构的构建至关重要。物理沉积技术具有高可扩展性、均匀性和可重复性等优点，但通常需要良好的真空条件和专用设备，限制了其实际应用21。此外，使用传统沉积技术在几纳米尺度上构建纳米结构仍然具有挑战性22。因此，可通过多种相互作用将通过化学方法合成的纳米颗粒吸附到柔性透明薄膜上，从而促进金属结构在纳米尺度上的自组装。为确保吸附成功，可通过物理或化学方法修饰薄膜表面，调节其表面亲水性，进而调控相互作用23。与金纳米颗粒相比，银纳米颗粒表现出更优的SERS性能，但其不稳定性，尤其是对空气中氧化的敏感性，会导致SERS增强因子（EF）迅速下降，影响基底性能24。因此，开发一种稳定的纳米颗粒方法至关重要。
农药残留的存在已引起广泛关注，迫切需要建立能够在现场快速检测和识别食品中多种有害化学物质的可靠方法25,26。柔性表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底在实际应用中具有独特优势，尤其在食品安全领域。本文介绍了一种通过将合成的葡萄糖包覆银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）键合到聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）基底上制备柔性SERS基底的方法（图1）。葡萄糖的存在可保护AgNPs，减轻其在空气中的氧化。该基底表现出优异的检测性能，对罗丹明6G（R6G）的检测限低至10-10 M，对农药福美双（Thiram）的检测限低至10-8 M，且具有良好的均匀性。此外，该柔性基底可通过键合与采样方式用于检测，具备广泛的应用前景。

<table><tbody><tr><td>氨水（NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;·H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O，25%）</td><td>北京化学试剂厂</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>APTES（98%）</td><td>碧云天生物技术</td><td>ST1087</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD-20AC 实验室等离子处理仪</td><td>Electro-Technic Products Inc.</td><td>12051A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>D-葡萄糖</td><td>北京化学试剂厂</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）</td><td>FEI</td><td>QUANTA 250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>拉曼显微镜</td><td>Horiba JY</td><td>LabRAM HR Evolution</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>罗丹明6G</td><td>北京化学试剂厂</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>硅橡胶基础剂与硅橡胶固化剂</td><td>道康宁公司</td><td>SYLGARD 184</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>硝酸银</td><td>北京化学试剂厂</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>福美双（C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;，99.9%）</td><td>北京化学试剂厂</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（pdms）的柔性表面增强拉曼散射（sers）基底的制备用于超灵敏检测

Fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-Based Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrate for Ultrasensitive Detection

本文介绍了一种用于表面增强拉曼散射（Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS）的柔性基底的制备方法。通过硝酸银（AgNO3）与氨水的络合反应，并以葡萄糖作为还原剂，合成了银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）。所得AgNPs具有均匀的粒径分布，范围为20 nm至50 nm。随后，采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）对经氧等离子体表面处理的PDMS基底进行修饰，从而促进AgNPs在基底表面的自组装。通过对多种实验条件对基底性能影响的系统性评估，成功开发出性能优异、增强因子（Enhanced Factor, EF）高的SERS基底。利用该基底，对R6G（罗丹明6G）和福美双（Thiram）的检测限分别达到10-10 M和10-8 M。该基底已成功应用于苹果表面农药残留的检测，获得了高度满意的结果。该柔性SERS基底在复杂实际场景的检测中展现出广阔的应用前景。

本研究开发了一种柔性的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底，该基底由葡萄糖包裹的合成银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）组成，并通过APTES在PDMS上自组装形成，实现了优异的农药实际检测性能。对R6G和福美双（Thiram）的检测限分别达到10-10 M和10-8 M，增强因子（EF）为1 × 105。此外，该基底表现出良好的均匀性。
采用改进的托伦斯法合成了葡萄糖包裹的AgNPs28,29。这种AgNPs组装体不仅能够产生强烈的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）信号，还能有效防止AgNPs中的银被氧化，从而保持其检测性能。根据图2中的环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）图像，合成的颗粒相对均匀，大多数颗粒的直径在40–50 nm之间。AgNPs的外层被一层葡萄糖包裹，该结构为AgNPs的外层提供了介电层，并在暴露于空气时防止银颗粒氧化，从而维持其SERS性能。</...

本方案描述了一种用于表面增强拉曼散射的柔性基底的制备方法。该方法已成功用于低浓度R6G和福美双的检测。

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的柔性表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底的制备用于超灵敏检测

本文介绍了一种用于表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的柔性基底的制备方法。银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）...

本方案描述了表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）柔性基底的制备方法，并将其应用于实际检测场景。本方案提供的SERS柔性基底环境友好，且具有良好的检测性能。银纳米颗粒可通过简单的容器轻松合成，无需复杂的实验条件和环境。在我们的实验室中，我们计划重点研究通过本研究中所用器皿合成的银纳米颗粒。我们将探索提高其表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）检测能力的方法，并利用其独特的性质和特征，设计出性能更优的SERS检测基底。

fabrication-polydimethylsiloxane-pdms-based-flexible-surface-enhanced

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基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的柔性表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底的制备用于超灵敏检测

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