Name: 生姜灸，一种非药物治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者腹泻 (视频) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2024-12-27T12:40:00.000+00:00
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Description: 了解生姜灸治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者腹泻的非药物方法。本研究探索肠道微生物组与呼吸道疾病的关联，为替代疗法提供初步数据支持。

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本工作得到2022年&#34;天府青城计划&#34;天府科技领军人才项目（川青城〔2022〕1090号）、国家中医药临床优秀人才研修项目（国中医药人教函〔2022〕1号）、&#34;100人才计划&#34;成都中医药大学附属医院项目（院办〔2021〕42号）、四川省中医药管理局科研专项课题（2021MS539，2023MS608）、四川省科技计划项目（2023ZYD0050，24NSFJQ0077）以及成都中医药大学附属医院科技发展基金项目（22HL11）的资助。

本研究方案经成都中医药大学附属医院临床研究审批委员会审核批准（批准号：KY2022027）。所有受试者均签署了书面知情同意书。
1. 材料准备
注意：有关本实验方案所用材料的详细信息，请参见图1和材料表。
<ol>
	<li>使用 utility knife 切下五块生姜，每块厚度约 0.4–0.6 cm，直径 2–3 cm。用棉签在每块生姜上扎出五个小孔24。</li>
	<li>将艾条拆开，取出适量艾绒，在掌心揉捏成团，捏成底面直径约 0.3 cm、高约 0.3 cm 的艾炷。</li>
</ol>
2. 医生的准备
<ol>
	<li>准备独立的治疗室，以避免暴露患者隐私，并保持患者温暖。</li>
	<li>根据预先制定的纳入与排除标准选择病例（见表1）。</li>
	<li>穿戴洁净的白大衣、医用外科口罩和一次性手术帽。</li>
	<li>操作前对手部进行消毒。</li>
</ol>
3. 受试者准备
<ol>
	<li>嘱患者排空膀胱，仰卧，暴露腹部，并放松身体。</li>
</ol>
4. 操作
<ol>
	<li>根据国家标准《经穴名称与定位》25确定神阙穴（CV 8）的位置。对穴位周围约 5 cm 范围内的皮肤进行消毒。 
	注：神阙穴位于上腹部，肚脐中央，处于髂前上棘水平线与腹部中线的交点处26（见图2）。</li>
	<li>在治疗巾中央剪一个小孔，将其覆盖在神阙穴上，以防止腹部其他部位受凉，并避免艾灸燃烧时烫伤皮肤。</li>
	<li>将艾炷置于一片生姜上并点燃。用镊子将带有艾炷的生姜片从操作台转移至患者的神阙穴上（图3A、B）。</li>
	<li>3 分钟后，在另一片生姜上放置新的艾炷并点燃。 
	注：一个艾炷燃烧约需 3–5 分钟。</li>
	<li>将生姜片和艾炷从患者神阙穴上取下。当艾炷燃尽后，更换新的艾炷，并将已燃尽的艾炷浸入水中以彻底熄灭（图3C）。</li>
	<li>重复步骤 4.4 和 4.5 共 4 次，然后结束治疗。 
	注：整个疗程持续 5 天，每日进行一次。</li>
</ol>

Assessing the Efficacy of Ginger Moxibustion in Diarrhea Management in COPD

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</ol>

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慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者腹泻的原因多种多样，包括胃肠道感染、肠易激综合征、抗生素滥用、食物因素（如冷食、乳糖不耐受、脂肪摄入过多）以及药物（如硫酸镁和乳果糖等泻药，甘露醇和山梨醇等脱水剂）6。中药—天然草药—在全球范围内被广泛应用，对人体的葡萄糖和脂质代谢、肠道炎症及氧化应激具有显著影响30。持续性腹泻常导致患者脱水、电解质紊乱、乏力、食欲减退等问题，这不仅延缓了COPD患者的康复进程，也影响了治疗药物的选择。
隔姜灸是一种独特的非药物性中医治疗方法。近年来，隔姜灸在治疗腹泻方面取得了良好的临床效果。经络理论认为，神阙穴是任脉上的一个重要穴位，与十二经脉及十二脏腑相通，联系全身29,31，具有调节肠道、止泻、健脾和胃、调和阴阳的作用。现代医学认为，脐部皮肤较薄，敏感度高，通透性强，吸收速度快，且富含大量微血管。药物分子更容易透过脐部皮肤的角质层，进入组织细胞后迅速...

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种异质性肺部疾病，其特征是由于气道（支气管炎、细支气管炎）和/或肺泡（肺气肿）异常导致持续性、常呈进行性发展的气流受限，从而引起慢性呼吸系统症状（呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰或急性加重）1,2。COPD 已成为一种严重慢性疾病，具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率和沉重的疾病负担。《中国肺部健康研究》&#34;China Lung Health Study&#34; 显示，中国40岁以上人群 COPD 的患病率为13.7%3。中国 COPD 患者总数约为1亿。COPD 患者每年发生急性加重0.5–3.5次，急性加重是 COPD 患者死亡的主要原因。2013年，中国 COPD 死亡总人数达91万，居单一疾病死因第3位，占全球 COPD 死亡总人数的31.1%4。
腹泻是指排便次数增多、粪便稀薄，伴有黏液、脓液、血液、未消化的食物、排便急迫感，甚至出现大便失禁。准确而言，腹泻定义为每日排便超过三次，且粪便含水量大于85%5,6。腹泻是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者常见的肺外并发症，常伴随食欲减退、腹胀、乏力、焦虑及其他不适。研究表明，COPD患者在抗生素治疗期间腹泻的发生率约为5%–25%7。腹泻可导致患者出现水和电解质紊乱，并加重营养不良的风险。它不仅降低COPD患者的生活质量，还阻碍呼吸功能的恢复，影响疾病的预后8,9,10。腹泻的治疗主要包括止泻药物、口服或静脉补液、益生菌、抗生素（存在感染证据时）11,12,13,14、锌剂治疗15以及饮食疗法16,17。然而，止泻药物仅能暂时控制腹泻症状，无法彻底治愈；其他治疗方法疗程较长，增加了患者的负担。因此，亟需一种易于实施的非药物疗法用于治疗COPD患者的腹泻。
隔姜灸是将新鲜生姜（Zingiber officinale）切成薄片，把艾条点燃后置于姜片上，再将艾灸施用于特定的穴位。艾绒是一种传统中药药材，具有温经散寒的作用。艾灸可通过温通经络消除多种不适症状，在治疗膝关节疾病、肠易激综合征、慢性萎缩性胃炎、化疗后恶心和呕吐方面具有良好疗效18,19,20,21。姜片本身也具有散寒作用22,23。在临床实践中，大多数慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者伴有腹泻症状。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期通常由感染诱发，抗生素虽可控制感染，但往往加重腹泻症状。饮食调整、止泻药物及肠道菌群补充对缓解腹泻有一定帮助，但仍显不足。隔姜灸是一种古老的中医外治技术，具有温阳散寒、调和气血、扶正祛邪、健脾和胃的功效。临床观察发现其对腹泻具有显著疗效，操作简便，无明显不良反应，易于被患者接受。
本研究采用随机对照试验，将姜灸作为一种非药物疗法用于治疗伴有腹泻的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者，并与常规疗法进行比较，以验证姜灸疗法的有效性与优越性。对操作步骤的详细描述及视频演示将有助于进一步推广这一中医药疗法。

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用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者腹泻治疗的非药物疗法——姜灸

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是老年人群中常见且高发的疾病，且病情常呈进行性加重。腹泻是 COPD 患者常见的肺外并发症。腹泻可导致脱水、电解质紊乱、虚弱、食欲减退等不良后果，严重影响患者的生活质量和营养状况，这些均不利于 COPD 患者气道阻塞的改善。目前，现代医学对腹泻的治疗效果有限，难以完全控制症状，停药后易复发，且存在不良反应，增加了患者的用药负担。隔姜灸是中医特有的非药物疗法，其在控制腹泻方面安全有效、不良反应少、易于被患者接受，因此是一种理想的替代疗法。本文旨在介绍隔姜灸治疗 COPD 患者腹泻的操作方案。

基本条件 
共纳入18例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并腹泻患者，分为治疗组（9例）和对照组（9例）（见表2）。所有患者均符合诊断标准1，伴有腹泻症状，且根据布里斯托大便分类法5评定为5型及以上。治疗组接受隔姜灸治疗及常规对症治疗（包括吸入制剂、抗生素和止泻药物），对照组仅接受常规对症治疗，疗程均为5天。
观察指标 
比较两组之间的慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试（COPD Assessment Test, CAT）1 和粪便性状与排便频率（SCDF）。CAT 是一个包含8个项目的问卷，用于评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的健康状况，其设计适用于全球范围。SCDF 根据 Bristol 粪便量表5,27 和排便频率评...

本文介绍了使用生姜灸法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者腹泻的方法。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是老年人群中常见且高发的疾病，其病情往往呈进行性加重。

我的研究重点是非药物产品在治疗慢性呼吸系统疾病中的作用。我致力于寻找慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者腹泻的有效治疗方法。基因检测医学和下一代筛查技术是目前指导我们研究的关键技术。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物组与呼吸系统疾病之间存在密切关联。宏基因组医学筛查使我们能够探索并揭示这一关联的复杂关系。本实验通过初步探索呼吸系统疾病的非药物治疗替代方法，弥补了该领域研究的空白。首先，使用 utility knife 切下五块生姜。用棉签在每块生姜上刺五个小孔。然后拆开艾条，取出适量艾绒。将艾绒在手掌中揉搓成团，然后捏成底面直径约0.3厘米、高约0.3厘米的圆锥形。按照经穴名称与定位的国家标准，确定神阙穴的位置。对穴位周围约五厘米范围进行消毒，然后在治疗巾中央剪一个小孔，将其覆盖于神阙穴上，以隔离腹部其他区域，防止燃烧的艾绒造成皮肤灼伤。接着，将制备好的艾炷放在一片生姜上并点燃。用镊子将该生姜片转移至患者的神阙穴。三分钟后，将新的艾炷置于另一片生姜上并点燃。移除患者神阙穴上已使用过的生姜和艾炷。将燃尽的艾炷浸入水中以熄灭，并重复此过程四次。治疗后，治疗组的慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试（COPD assessment test）平均得分从治疗前的22.00降至18.00，而对照组则从21.22降至19.44。治疗组的平均粪便性状和排便频率评分从治疗前的8.67降至4.44，而对照组则从8.67降至4.44。

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