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治疗低危前列腺癌的新技术——超主动监测
治疗低危前列腺癌的新技术——超主动监测
JoVE Journal
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JoVE Journal Medicine
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

治疗低危前列腺癌的新技术——超主动监测

Full Text
687 Views
05:19 min
November 7, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/68269-v

Chun-Long Fu1, Xun Zhang1, Xu Han1, Xiao-Fei Dai1, Liang Cui1

1Department of Urology, Civil Aviation General Hospital,Civil Aviation Medical College of Peking University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

低危前列腺癌患者常进行过度治疗;超主动监测有助于避免这种过度治疗。

我专注于前列腺癌,许多低危疾病患者仍在接受不必要的治疗。我的目标是开发一种更积极主动、以患者为中心的主动监测方法。目前,需要我们的成像技术来识别潜伏期、实现价格、根除局灶性肿瘤,并实现肿瘤控制和功能保留之间的最佳平衡。

超主动监测是低危前列腺癌安全、有效、可行的新型治疗途径。冷冻消融治疗前列腺癌展示了冷冻疗法和免疫疗法应用的巨大潜力,冷冻消融的免疫作用需要更多的临床和基础研究来探索具体机制。首先,获取一份患者名单,其中包括通过前列腺系统穿刺获得的经病理确诊的前列腺腺癌的患者。

确保冷冻治疗系统和实时图像融合超声系统的可用性。准备一个包含 18F-PSMA PET/MR 成像数据的 USB 闪存驱动器。接下来,根据前列腺体积和肿瘤位置选择合适的穿刺靶标框架。

准备一个直径范围为1.5至5厘米的V形可变冷冻探头和两个温度探头。现在,将 USB 闪存驱动器连接到集成超声系统。将成像数据导入超声融合软件,进行术前规划和目标标记。

完成完整的冷冻消融术前计划。接下来,将患者置于截石位置。手术前 30 分钟静脉注射 0.5 克左氧氟沙星。

输注后插入三腔纯硅胶导管。应用 18F-PSMA PET/MR 图像中的超声和术前计划标记来进行术中配准。现在,使用图像融合引导将可变探针插入已识别的病变中。

将温度探头放置在直肠前方的会阴穿刺部位或 Denonvilliers 筋膜中。通过三腔导管用盐水溶液冲洗膀胱,以保护尿道免受冻伤。要启动冷冻治疗系统,请快速将冷冻探针的前端降低到零下 140 摄氏度以下。

使用超声波实时监测冰球的形成,确保其边缘超出术前肿瘤边界 0.5 厘米,同时将直肠温度探头保持在零摄氏度以上。逐渐降低冰冻力,同时保持冰球的覆盖面积五分钟。施加氦气,将探头尖端快速加热至15摄氏度以上,并保持温度五分钟。

冷冻治疗完成后,从患者身上取出所有探头。对穿刺部位施加压力以止血,并用无菌敷料覆盖。观察导管内的尿液颜色。

如果尿液清澈,请勿进行膀胱冲洗。如果可见血液,请进行膀胱冲洗,然后将患者转移到麻醉恢复室。9例患者成功接受手术,无术中并发症。

9 名患者共使用冷冻消融治疗了 12 个前列腺腺癌病变。术后中位随访时间为37个月,范围为14-61个月。

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