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Biology
用于研究小鼠视网膜中神经胶质细胞相互作用的 离体 外植体模型
用于研究小鼠视网膜中神经胶质细胞相互作用的 离体 外植体模型
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JoVE Journal Biology
An Ex Vivo Explant Model for Studying Glial Interactions in the Mouse Retina

用于研究小鼠视网膜中神经胶质细胞相互作用的 离体 外植体模型

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1,441 Views
09:46 min
July 15, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/68482-v

Paul F. Cullen1, Yixi Xue1, Milica A. Margeta1

1Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear,Harvard Medical School

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study investigates neuroinflammation in glaucoma, focusing on glial support cells in the retina and their influence on neuronal loss during disease progression. A detailed methodology for isolating the retina from the mouse eye is provided, facilitating ex vivo experimentation and better preservation of the natural environment for retinal cells.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Neuroinflammation in glaucoma
  • Retinal glial cells and neuronal loss
  • Ex vivo retinal experimentation

Background

  • Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness
  • Glial cells like astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in disease progression
  • Traditional methods may not adequately study glial functions

Methods Used

  • Detailed retina isolation protocol from mouse eyes
  • Mouse model for retinal studies
  • Explant culture to study glial function in a natural environment

Main Results

  • Protocol provides easier access to study retinal glial functions
  • Better preservation of the inner retinal environment compared to traditional cell cultures
  • Enables accurate investigation into physiological functions of retinal cells

Conclusions

  • This study provides a crucial method for retinal research in the context of neuroinflammation
  • Highlights the importance of glia in retinal health and disease

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of studying glial cells in glaucoma?
Glial cells are thought to significantly impact neuronal survival and disease progression in glaucoma.
How does the method improve upon traditional approaches?
The method preserves the natural environment of retinal cells, allowing for more relevant biological conclusions.
What type of mouse model is used in the studies?
The studies utilize mouse eye models to explore retinal dynamics related to neuroinflammation.
What are the main components of the isolation protocol?
The protocol includes dissection techniques, cleaning of the retinal surface, and proper handling to avoid damage.
Is this method suitable for all types of retinal studies?
While it is designed for studying glial cells and neuroinflammation, applications may vary based on research goals.
What precautions are taken during the procedure?
Aseptic techniques are emphasized to prevent contamination during the isolation process.
Can this method be adapted for other species?
The protocol primarily focuses on mice; adaptations may be necessary for other species.

在这里,我们提供了一种从小鼠眼中分离视网膜以进行扩展 离体 实验的详细方法。该协议强调使希望利用通过将视网膜胶质细胞保持在活组织中原 位 提供的研究途径的研究人员可以使用这种技术要求高的方法。

我们想了解青光眼的神经炎症,青光眼是全世界不可逆失明的主要原因。具体来说,我们正在研究视网膜中的神经胶质支持细胞如何影响疾病进展过程中的神经元丢失。

星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞等神经胶质细胞被认为会影响青光眼的进展,但许多用于研究活体动物模型中神经元功能的工具不适合这些细胞。视网膜外植体用于研究神经炎症和神经胶质功能,但学习曲线很陡峭。我们的协议使其更平易近人,并希望能够更广泛地采用该技术。

与传统的体外细胞培养相比,我们的外植体方法更好地保护了视网膜内细胞的自然环境,从而能够更准确地研究其生理功能。

[旁白]首先,将提取的小鼠眼睛放入装有无菌室温PBS的解剖皿中。确定一个合适的保持点并用有角度的镊子抓住它,然后轻轻地将眼睛放在浸没的实验室湿巾上,同时确保从角膜到视神经的前后轴水平放置。在用倾斜的镊子保持牢固固定的同时,使用 11 号手术刀的尖端在角膜过渡到巩膜的角膜缘平行且后方约 0.5 毫米处做一个切口。将弹簧剪刀的一根刀片插入球体内,在眼睛周围环形切割,根据需要用镊子重新定位。完成角膜周围切割后,用镊子取出前节和晶状体。如果还有一长段视神经,请用细剪刀将其修剪成一到两毫米的长度。然后旋转眼罩,使其朝上,以便目视检查并便于玻璃体取出。继续使用倾斜的镊子固定眼罩并检查视网膜是否有明显损伤,并检查玻璃体腔是否有来自视网膜色素上皮或脉络膜的色素细胞碎片。使用改进的转移移液器,用PBS冲洗玻璃体室,保持移液器吸头浸没以防止气泡。然后,用细水彩刷轻轻去除较大的碎屑,同时尽量减少与视网膜的接触。对于顽固的碎屑,请小心使用细头镊子,避免金属直接接触视网膜。清除可见碎屑后,用转移移液器中的PBS冲洗玻璃体腔3-5次,并使用细刷探测外围附近残留的睫状体元素,通过对刷纤维的拖动检测玻璃体。如果残留玻璃体袋,请用刷子向外扫向外围,保持纤维以浅角度拖尾,以防止视网膜损伤。将一对镊子保持在关闭位置,尖端接触,然后使用处理过程中形成的任何自然间隙轻轻地将它们插入视网膜和脉络膜之间。使用镊子的平臂逐渐扩大视网膜和脉络膜之间的空间,直到实现完全分离。继续用一对镊子稳定样品,同时使用第二对镊子轻轻向下拉眼罩,包括巩膜和脉络膜。如果视网膜随眼罩下降,请使用镊子轻轻探查并分离任何剩余的连接点,避开视神经。然后,在视网膜仍固定在视神经的情况下,继续保持组织稳定,并使用第二对镊子将眼罩聚集在视神经下方。检查以确认视网膜外围没有因残留玻璃体而折叠,特别是在睫状体残留的部位。如果需要,使用转移移液器用PBS冲洗腔室,并使用刷子轻轻卷曲任何折叠的视网膜并去除多余的玻璃体。从两侧暴露视网膜后,使用弹簧剪刀在视网膜外围向视神经方向进行一系列相距约 90 度的缓解切口。在握住浸没组织的同时,使用镊子将实验室湿巾从样品上横向拉开,并在不接触视网膜的情况下将其从培养皿中取出。在将视网膜固定到位的同时,使用弹簧剪刀切断视网膜下方的视神经。然后小心地提起并从盘子中取出剩余的眼罩纸巾。现在用PBS填充一个35毫米的培养皿,并使用镊子在底部放置一个过滤器正方形,粗糙的哑光面朝上,避免任何折痕。然后,使用转移移液器轻轻吸出视网膜并将其转移到培养皿中。使用刷子将视网膜定向,使内表面朝上,并将其放置在滤镜正方形的正上方。缓慢吸出 PBS,将视网膜降低到过滤器上。 视网膜位于滤光片上后,使用刷子轻轻展开任何周边褶皱。调整 PBS 水平以平衡视网膜稳定性和水合作用,使刷子平稳移动而不会使组织干燥。现在使用转移移液器从上方约一厘米处滴下PBS,冲洗表面并再次检查视网膜是否有碎屑。盖上 35 毫米培养皿的盖子并将其带到生物安全柜中。将封闭的培养皿放入生物安全柜内,不要接触任何内表面或设备。过渡到无菌工作时,对其进行灭菌或更换手套,并将预装有外植体培养基的六孔板从培养箱转移到生物安全柜中。在柜子内,取下 35 毫米培养皿的盖子,用有角度的镊子提起过滤器方块,不要接触视网膜。然后打开六孔板,轻轻地将过滤器降低到一个孔中的插入物中心,将其缓慢浸入培养基中。一旦视网膜与过滤器分离,慢慢地将过滤器移到一边,然后使用有角度的镊子将其从孔中取出。使用一毫升移液器从插入物中吸出 500 微升培养基,将视网膜捕获在插入物和气液界面之间。最后,盖上六孔板上的盖子并将其放回培养箱,确保视网膜保持在孔内的中心。为了检查视网膜神经胶质细胞的大规模变化,将三天的外植视网膜与分离后立即固定而不是培养的假外植体进行了比较。假视网膜中的小胶质细胞显示出规则的、不重叠的分布模式,而到第三天,外植视网膜的组织变得不规则,细胞出现簇状,这意味着迁移。假视网膜中的视网膜星形胶质细胞与脉管系统紧密排列,体外三天后显着减少。Mueller 细胞中的 GFAP 表达在假视网膜中微弱或不存在,但在体外第三天变得清晰可见,尤其是在组织边缘附近。体外一天后,小胶质细胞表现出过程回缩和激活的早期迹象,到第三天进展为紧凑的变形虫形态。在 24 小时标记时,使用 Brn3a 量化的视网膜神经节细胞密度显示培养外植体比假外植体适度但显着下降。TMEM119是一种稳态小胶质细胞标志物,在假视网膜中高表达,但在体外三天后几乎检测不到。标记透明细胞的 CD206 表达在体外培养 3 天后保持稳定。GFAP 染色显示星形胶质细胞和穆勒细胞在解剖和处理过程中遭受的机械损伤部位周围具有反应性。

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