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Biology
建立辣椒蓟马 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 饲养系统,用于昆虫病原真菌的毒力筛选
建立辣椒蓟马 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 饲养系统,用于昆虫病原真菌的毒力筛选
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JoVE Journal Biology
Establishment of a Chilli Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) Rearing System for Virulence Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi

建立辣椒蓟马 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 饲养系统,用于昆虫病原真菌的毒力筛选

Full Text
890 Views
11:35 min
July 18, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/68600-v

Hsin-Yu Lin1,2, Yi-Ju Chen3, Kusum Mushyakhwo4, Yu-Shin Nai2

1Master Program in Plant Medicine and Good Agricultural Practice,National Chung Hsing University, 2Department of Entomology,National Chung Hsing University, 3Applied Zoology Division,Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, 4International Doctoral Program in Agriculture,National Chung Hsing University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study establishes a detached-leaf bioassay protocol to mass-rear chilli thrips, optimizing a modified method in agar-containing glass containers. This approach ensures high survival rates and synchronized development of the thrips, enabling effective screening of entomopathogenic fungi virulence against 2nd instar larvae.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Entomology
  • Biological control
  • Integrated pest management

Background

  • Chilli thrips are significant agricultural pests.
  • Existing methods for rearing have limitations in survival and development synchronization.
  • Entomopathogenic fungi may provide a biological control option.

Methods Used

  • Detached-leaf bioassay protocol
  • Chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis)
  • Agar-containing glass containers for optimal conditions

Main Results

  • High survival and synchronized development of 2nd instar larvae were achieved.
  • The system facilitates the screening of fungal virulence.
  • Reliable supply of thrips for various evaluations was demonstrated.

Conclusions

  • The established protocol enhances the rearing of chilli thrips for research.
  • This study's findings are relevant for developing biological control strategies in agriculture.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of the detached-leaf bioassay?
The detached-leaf bioassay is used to efficiently screen entomopathogenic fungi for their virulence against chilli thrips.
Why are chilli thrips significant?
Chilli thrips are significant agricultural pests that affect a variety of crops.
What benefits does the modified method provide?
The modified method supports high survival rates and synchronized development of the thrips.
How does this study contribute to pest management?
The study provides a reliable method to assess biological control agents against thrips, aiding in integrated pest management.
What are entomopathogenic fungi?
Entomopathogenic fungi are fungi that infect and kill insects, potentially serving as biological control agents.
Can this method be applied in field evaluations?
Yes, the system enables laboratory, greenhouse, and field evaluations of thrips control.
What stage of thrips larvae is used for screening?
The screening is conducted using 2nd instar larvae of chilli thrips.

在含有琼脂的玻璃容器中使用改进的分离叶方法建立了用于大规模饲养辣椒蓟马的分离叶生物测定方案,确保高存活率和同步发育。该系统能够有效筛选针对 2龄 幼虫的昆虫病原真菌毒力,并为实验室、温室和田间评估提供可靠的蓟马供应。

辣椒蓟马是一种经过充分研究的多种作物害虫。我们的研究重点是改进辣椒蓟马育种系统,并将其应用于昆虫病原真菌筛选,以备未来实验。最近的研究主要集中在笼内整株植物上大规模饲养辣椒蓟马。有些人正在探索分离叶子等替代方案,但清晰详细的方法仍然没有得到很好的描述。

本研究建立了一种基于剥离叶的蓟马大规模饲养方法,能够保证辣椒蓟马群落的稳定。此外,还开发了一种稳定且可重复的生物测定系统,用于昆虫病原真菌毒力筛选。该协议解决了使用叶盘掌握蓟马缺乏明确的标准化方法的问题,重点是改善舞台管理和减少资源使用。

该协议简化了发育阶段控制,减少了空间和劳动力需求,并提供了适合大规模和可靠生物测定的一致蓟马供应。我们的实验室将专注于优化大规模饲养方法,并将该协议应用于各种蓟马物种,改善环境和处理条件,以确保生物测定的种群一致和健康。此外,大规模饲养系统可以扩展到使用温室试验。

首先,剪掉长满辣椒蓟马的叶子和花朵。将它们转移到塑料拉链袋中,确保用内部空气密封袋子,以保持裂口的活力。接下来,获得一个高 35 毫米、内径 45 毫米的玻璃饲养容器。

在容器底部放置三层直径 40 毫米的圆形纸巾。在纸巾上加入 8 至 10 滴过滤水以保持湿度。现在,彻底清洗一片年轻的芒果叶。

在光学显微镜下检查它,以检查是否有昆虫卵或其他昆虫污染。用皮刀将芒果叶切成直径 40 毫米的圆盘,然后放在玻璃饲养容器内的湿纸巾上。在光学显微镜下以 10 倍放大倍率观察辣椒蓟马。

使用细画笔,将 10 只成年蓟马(包括 5 只雄性和 5 只雌性)转移到准备好的玻璃饲养容器中。然后用两层封口膜密封每个玻璃饲养容器。使用数字 0-0 的昆虫针在封口膜上打大约 40 个小孔,以确保适当的通风。

将密封的玻璃饲养容器放入培养箱中 48 小时。在体视显微镜下观察叶组织,以确认是否存在指示卵子位置的卵。然后将新鲜的芒果叶盘放在装有鸡蛋的叶子上,并在纸巾上加入 8 至 10 滴过滤水以保持湿度。

为了维护蓟马,将含有一龄幼虫的叶子直接转移到新的玻璃饲养容器中。每天观察辣椒蓟马。为了大规模饲养辣椒蓟马,首先从维持的种群中收集雌性成年蓟马。

将 10 只雌性成年蓟马转移到准备好的饲养容器中以获得卵。然后用细画笔轻轻地将大约 120 只一龄幼虫转移到新的玻璃饲养容器中。为了进行分子鉴定,将一只成年辣椒蓟马收集到1.5毫升离心管中。

使用颗粒杵将辣椒蓟马均质化。然后根据制造商的方案使用商业试剂盒分离基因组 DNA,并使用 PCR 预混液扩增。通过在1%琼脂糖凝胶中电泳检查PCR扩增子,以验证扩增结果。

从凝胶中切除大小约658个碱基对的靶带。使用默认参数对 NCBI 数据库执行爆炸搜索以确认物种身份。为了制备昆虫病原真菌,将两到三毫升0.03%吐温80添加到在1/4强度的Sabouraud葡萄糖琼脂上生长的10至14天龄真菌培养物的表面。

使用无菌环轻轻刮掉分生孢子。将真菌悬浮液转移到干净的 15 毫升离心管中。然后通过以最大速度涡旋使悬浮液均质化。

用滤纸过滤悬浮液,去除hyfil碎屑,得到纯分生孢子悬浮液。使用血细胞计数器在光学显微镜下检查分生孢子的数量。稀释悬浮液至浓度为每毫升 10 的 8 次方分生孢子。

然后将分生孢子悬浮液转移到用紫外线灭菌的微型喷雾器中,用于随后的生物测定应用。从蓝莓农场收集并清洗蓝莓嫩叶。风干后,在体视显微镜下检查它们的表面,检查是否有任何残留的节肢动物或卵,如果存在,请将其取出。

现在,使用皮革切割机切割直径 2.8 厘米的叶盘。然后用 1% 次氯酸钠溶液对叶盘进行消毒。三用消毒水冲洗两次,去除漂白剂残留物。

接下来,将三毫升 2.5% 水琼脂倒入层流罩内的小玻璃容器中。然后轻轻地将叶盘近轴面朝上转移到琼脂上并稍微嵌入,以便只有一小部分暴露在表面上方。琼脂完全凝固后,考虑玻璃容器已准备好进行生物测定。

在应用之前,彻底涡旋分生孢子悬浮液。使用微型喷雾器,从玻璃容器内约 10 厘米的距离将 0.1 毫升悬浮液均匀涂抹在每个叶盘的表面上。现在用细画笔将 10 龄幼虫转移到每个玻璃容器中。

用两层封口膜密封每个容器。使用数字 0-0 的昆虫针在封口膜上创建大约 30 个通风小孔。然后将容器放入培养箱中 7 天。

每天在体视显微镜下以 10 倍放大倍率观察并记录辣椒蓟马的死亡率,持续 7 天。将死去的幼虫放在玻璃容器内进行真菌病观察,以确认内源性病原真菌感染。对于选定的昆虫病原真菌的生物测定,准备三种浓度的分生孢子悬浮液。

将悬浮液接种到不同的饲养容器中。在执行单因素方差分析之前,使用反正弦变换转换每种真菌菌株的死亡率数据,以确定处理之间的显着差异。然后使用遗嘱认证回归分析计算中位致死时间和中位致死浓度值。

明显观察到辣椒蓟马在幼虫早期、幼虫后期和成虫期等各个生命阶段的形态特征。靶向部分 COI 基因的聚合酶链反应扩增产生了一条条带,证实了田间采集的蓟马是辣椒蓟马的身份。分离式叶育系统成功支持辣椒蓟马群落的建立,在7 d观察期内观察到对照组的存活率为90%。

在测试的昆虫致病真菌分离株中,冬虫夏草 NCHU-213 在接种后 7 天导致的辣椒蓟马幼虫死亡率最高,其次是冬虫夏草 NCHU-298,而白杨冬虫夏草的毒力较低。冬虫夏草 NCHU-213 和冬虫夏草 NCHU-298 的 LT50 值为 10 的 8 分生孢子每毫升 8 次方显示出相似的值,并且表现出比白僵草更短的天数。在感染冬虫夏草分离株的蓟马尸体上明显观察到真菌病,如覆盖其身体的真菌生长物所示。

在接种后 4 天和 5 天,用冬虫夏草 NCHU-213 处理的蓟马的死亡率明显呈剂量依赖性增加,而 7 天后以 10 的每毫升 7 个分生孢子的幂观察到的死亡率最高,为 71.4%,其次是 58.9% 的 10 分生孢子 8 次方/毫升,44.4% 的 10 分生孢子的 6 次方每毫升。

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