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Neuroscience
三龄果蝇黑腹果蝇幼虫嗅觉回路神经元的体内和离体钙成像
三龄果蝇黑腹果蝇幼虫嗅觉回路神经元的体内和离体钙成像
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
In-vivo and Ex-vivo Calcium Imaging of an Olfactory Circuit Neuron in the Third-Instar Drosophila melanogaster Larva

三龄果蝇黑腹果蝇幼虫嗅觉回路神经元的体内和离体钙成像

Full Text
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11:58 min
October 31, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/68956-v

Dilys Cheung*1,2, Roshni Jain*1,3, Rutuj Kolhe1,2, Elizabeth Brown4, Dennis Mathew1,2,3

1Department of Biology,University of Nevada, Reno, 2Integrative Neuroscience Program,University of Nevada, Reno, 3Molecular Biosciences Program,University of Nevada, Reno, 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,University of Nevada, Reno

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Overview

This study presents calcium imaging protocols for an olfactory neuron in Third-Instar Drosophila larvae, utilizing a GLUture topical tissue adhesive for improved immobilization. The technique enhances stability during in-vivo and ex-vivo experimentation, allowing detailed analysis of calcium dynamics. Custom scripts for R facilitate efficient data processing in neurophysiological research.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neurophysiology
  • Imaging Techniques
  • Calcium Imaging

Background

  • Drosophila larvae serve as a model for studying olfactory neuron function.
  • Calcium dynamics play a crucial role in neuronal communication.
  • Existing methods often struggle with stability during imaging.
  • GLUture adhesive presents a cost-effective solution for improved immobilization.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a reliable protocol for calcium imaging in Drosophila olfactory neurons.
  • To enhance experimental accessibility and reproducibility.
  • To analyze calcium signals with custom R scripts for detailed quantitative insights.

Methods Used

  • The main platform utilized is a Leica DMi8 inverted microscope equipped for calcium imaging.
  • The biological model focuses on olfactory neurons in Drosophila larvae.
  • The method includes the use of GLUture for tissue immobilization and specific imaging buffers.
  • Critical steps involve preparing feeding conditions and employing precise imaging techniques to capture calcium signal data.
  • Custom ROI-based macros in ImageJ and R scripts are used for comprehensive data analysis.

Main Results

  • The method achieved reliable immobilization of neurons, allowing for accurate calcium signal capture.
  • Dynamic calcium fluctuations were successfully measured, indicating neuronal activity.
  • R scripts generated visualizations such as heat maps and box plots to assess signal significance.
  • Results were validated through comparisons between starved and fed conditions.

Conclusions

  • This study establishes a dependable protocol for in-vivo calcium imaging in Drosophila larvae.
  • The use of GLUture enhances experimental stability, facilitating better data acquisition.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of neuronal mechanisms and dynamic signaling in olfactory circuits.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using GLUture for immobilization?
GLUture provides a stable and cost-effective means to immobilize Drosophila larvae during imaging, improving the reliability of calcium signal measurements.
How is the calcium imaging performed?
The calcium imaging involves using a specialized inverted microscope and specific imaging buffers to capture activity in olfactory neurons, enabling analysis of calcium dynamics.
What kind of data is generated from this method?
The protocol yields detailed calcium signal data, which can be visualized and analyzed using R scripts and ImageJ, allowing for insights into neuronal activity patterns.
How can the method be adapted for other types of neurons?
While this protocol is tailored for olfactory neurons in Drosophila, it can be adjusted for use with other neuron types through modifications in tissue preparation and imaging parameters.
Are there any limitations to this protocol?
Potential limitations include the specificity of GLUture for certain models and the requirement for precise imaging conditions to ensure successful data collection.

我们提出了果 蝇 幼虫嗅觉神经元的钙成像方案,使用局部组织粘合剂进行固定。该方法增强了稳定性,促进了可靠的 体内 和 离体 实验。自定义 R 脚本分析钙信号,为详细的神经生理学研究提供有效的平台。

该协议使用 GLUture 组织粘合剂来增强体内和离体钙成像的能力。这使研究人员能够了解三龄果蝇幼虫嗅觉回路神经元中的钙动力学。简单性和成本效益是该技术的两个主要优势,使神经生理学研究中的实验更加可靠和容易获得。

通过在六厘米的培养皿中放置一小块化学擦拭布来准备两个进料室。对于饥饿情况,添加 350 微升蒸馏水。对于非饥饿条件,加入 350 微升 0.2 摩尔蔗糖溶液。

将相同数量的洗涤幼虫转移到每个饲喂室中。让幼虫在室温下以蔗糖、未饥饿或蒸馏水为食,饥饿两小时在 24 x 50 毫米、1.5 毫米厚的显微镜盖玻璃上,使用从注射器中分配的凡士林创建一个孔。在盖玻璃的中央滴一小滴 GLUture 外用组织粘合剂。

使用玻璃棒将 GLUture 均匀地铺成薄而均匀的层。使用刷子或细线小心地将单个幼虫转移到 GLUture 上。轻轻地将幼虫的腹侧压在粘合剂上。

让 GLUture 干燥,确保幼虫完全固定。一旦幼虫被固定,将幼虫浸入100微升成像缓冲液中。将盖玻片放在徕卡DMi8倒置显微镜上,连接到横河电机CSU-W1转盘共聚焦扫描仪模块和用于钙成像的CCD相机。

准备带有GLUture的显微镜盖玻片,用于钙成像,如步骤3.2至3.3中所述。按照 Ishimoto 和 Sano,2018 年描述完成解剖。使用P-10微量移液器,用培养皿中的5微升解剖溶液小心地吸出解剖的大脑。

慢慢地将大脑排出到 GLUture 上。在 GLUture 干燥之前,将大脑定向为背侧朝上的位置,两个脑叶朝下,背侧腹索朝上。使用 P-200 微量移液器,将 100 微升钙成像缓冲液转移到盖玻璃上固定的幼虫大脑上。

使用徕卡 DMi8 倒置旋转显微镜打开 VisiView 进行钙成像。使用带滤光片的 10X/1.4 任意物镜捕获图像,在 GFP 激光器和 RFP 激光器之间切换。曝光值范围为 100 到 1000 毫秒,增益设置为相应曝光值的 50%。

在图像捕获期间应用 2 的竞价系数。通过使用 RFP 激光搜索 tdTomato 信号来识别感兴趣的神经元。一旦确定了感兴趣区域,切换到 GFP 激光器以捕获 GCaMP6f 信号。

在捕获两个通道的堆栈图像之前,确保 tdTomato 和 GCaMP 信号都口语化。以每秒 0.5 帧的速率同时捕获 tdTomato 和 GCaMP6f 成功信号的两个单独时间序列记录,总共 2 分钟。将 tdTomato 和 GCaMP6f 信号栈导入 ImageJ。

要识别正确的感兴趣区域,请合并 tdTomato 和 GCaMP6f 信号以确认共定位。验证后,拆分 tdTomato 和 GCaMP6f 通道。将基于 ROI 的自定义宏导入 ImageJ。

选择GCaMP6f堆栈并点击运行以进行钙分析。宏首先生成最大强度投影,使用堆栈注册插件执行运动校正,并应用漂白校正。通过定义一个宽阔的矩形感兴趣区域(例如每帧上的脑叶)来进行运动校正。

矩形框必须覆盖所有帧中的整个 ROI,以确保准确的运动校正,同时在所有帧中保留局部、空间和 ROI 形状。每个ROI,宏计算了一个,所有帧的强度,两个,基线波动差异,例如前10帧最大和最小强度值之间的差异,以及三个,最大帧间强度变化,Delta F.ROI显示强度波动小于10个单位。最终数据集分为四列,一列是时间和帧,两列是饥饿或喂食的样本条件,三个副本 ID、单个样本和四列归一化强度。

F 范数值从零缩放到 1。最后,使用自定义 R 脚本在 R 中执行数据分析和可视化。在运行分析之前,已安装并更新了所需的软件包,包括 ggplot2、dplyr 和 readr。

输出包括热图,说明时间序列记录时前 30 帧、60 帧和所有帧的归一化钙强度,以及显示归一化强度中位数的箱线图。使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验评估归一化钙强度的显着性。图一是体内和离体钙成像装置的示意图。

将整个幼虫样本A或幼虫大脑样本B固定在一层薄薄的纯蓝色GLUture上,铺在凡士林井内,并在显微镜盖板玻璃上形成圆形。将样品浸入钙成像缓冲液中,浅蓝色,置于倒转盘共聚焦显微镜上进行成像。捕获样品的钙荧光图像的时间序列。

原理图是使用 BioRender 制备的。图二说明了GCaMP6f荧光成像。A,显示 488 纳米通道 GCaMP6f 和绿色荧光的分割图像,以及 525 纳米通道 tdTomato 的红色。

合并后的图像显示在右侧面板中。B,GCaMP6f 在关键 LN 中为绿色,tdTomato 为红色的原始荧光迹线随时间变化的示例。GCaMP6f 荧光的波动表明钙活性,而稳定的 tdTomato 信号用作识别关键 LN 的对照。

C,用于体内顶面板和离体底部面板制备的代表性GCaMP6f信号图像。左侧显示非饥饿样品,右侧显示饥饿样品。图三描绘了GCaMP6f荧光测量。

A,左上角的面板显示了来自非饥饿幼虫 N=5 和饥饿幼虫 N=5 的关键元素钙信号在体内制备整个幼虫中的平均时间动态。右上角的箱线图比较了体内制备中灰色样品中未饥饿样品和白色样品中饥饿样品之间的归一化钙信号强度。Mann-Whitney U检验,P小于0.001。

B,左下角的面板显示了一张热图,显示了来自 Keystone LN 的钙信号的平均到门静脉动态,来自非饥饿、N=5 和饥饿 N=5 在离体制剂解剖大脑中。右下角的箱线图比较了离体制备中未饥饿的灰色和饥饿的白色样品之间的归一化钙信号强度。Mann-Whitney U检验B小于0.001。

为了展示我们的幼虫钙成像方法,我们成功地将其应用于果蝇幼虫的体内和离体制剂。在这两种制备中,我们观察到与非饥饿样品相比,基石LN活性和饥饿样品更高。在热图中可以清楚地观察到这些较高的梯形石活动,显示了 60 秒内响应的时间表示,并在描述平均信号强度值的箱线图中观察到。

这些结果与最近的研究表明饥饿动物的嗅觉神经元活动更高。如本视频所示,GLUture 组织粘合剂可显着减少体内和离体设置中的运动伪影。该方法还可用于研究不同类型的刺激,例如气味的外部应用和神经调节剂的内部超融合。

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