Name: water climbing by adhesion
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Adhesion

Adhäsion tritt auf, wenn zwei verschiedene Moleküle sich anziehen, wie Wasser, das sich am Grashalm festsetzt.
 Dies liegt daran, dass die Oberfläche des Grases polar ist.
 Wenn die Oberfläche ein vertikales Rohr ist, verursacht es einen Aufwärtszug an den Rändern, einen konkaven Meniskus.
 Wenn die Adhäsionskraft stärker ist als die kohäsive Anziehungskraft zwischen den flüssigen Molekülen, steigt das Wasser weiter an - eine Bewegung, die als Kapillarwirkung bekannt ist.
 Wie eine enge Röhre enthalten Pflanzen schmale Gefäße, die Xylem genannt werden und aus entgegengesetzter Cellulose bestehen.
 Sie befördern Wasser durch Kapillarwirkung gegen die Schwerkraft nach oben.
 Der Durchmesser dieser Gefäße nimmt zu den Spitzen der höheren Bäume hin ab, so dass das Wasser von den Wurzeln bis zu den Blättern noch höher steigen kann.

Kim, Hae Koo, Joonghyuk Park und Ildoo Hwang. "Untersuchung des Wassertransports durch das Xylem-Netzwerk in Gefäßpflanzen." Journal of Experimental Botany 65, Nr. 7 (1. April 2014): 1895–1904. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru075" target="__blank">Quelltext</a>]

adhäsion

Adhäsion tritt auf, wenn ein Molekültyp von einer anderen Art von Molekülen angezogen wird. Wasser zeigt beispielsweise adhäsive Eigenschaften in der Gegenwart von polaren Oberflächen wie Glas oder Zellulose in Pflanzen. Bei Glas werden die positiv geladenen Wasserstoffmoleküle im Wasser stärker von den negativ geladenen Sauerstoffmolekülen in Siliziumdioxid angezogen, als vom Sauerstoff in den benachbarten Wassermolekülen.
 
 Die Kapillarwirkung ist ein Ergebnis der Adhäsionskraft des Wassers. Wenn ein schmales Glasrohr in Wasser eingeführt wird, binden sich die Wassermoleküle an die Rohroberfläche. Der Wasserspiegel im Inneren des Rohres steigt an. Je kleiner der Rohrdurchmesser, desto höher steigt das Wasser, da mehr Wassermoleküle an die Glasoberfläche gelangen. Die Kapillarwirkung setzt sich fort, solange die Adhäsionskraft größer als die Schwerkraft ist.
 
 Pflanzen nutzen die Adhäsion der Kapillarwirkung und die Kohäsion zwischen den Wassermolekülen, um Wasser von den Wurzeln zu den Blättern zu transportieren. Bei Pflanzen bestehen die Xylem-Gefäße aus langen, schmalen Zellen, welche Tracheiden genannt werden und Wasser transportieren. Da Wassermoleküle von Zellulose angezogen werden, haften sie an der Xylem-Zellwand. Auch die Kohäsionskräfte zwischen den Wassermolekülen ziehen die Wassermoleküle zueinander an. Zusammen bilden diese Adhäsions-und Kohäsionskräfte eine Säule von Wassermolekülen, die sich allmählich in den Xylem-Gefäßen nach oben bewegt.

Adhäsion

Adhäsion tritt auf, wenn eine Art von Molekül von einem anderen Molekül angezogen wird. Wasser zeigt in Gegenwart von polaren Oberflächen, wie z.B. ...

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water climbing by adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules.

This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises because more water molecules contact the glass surface. Capillary action continues while the adhesive force stays stronger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Adhesion also helps move water through plants during transpiration. Plants have xylem vessels made of long, narrow tracheary elements that transport water. Water molecules cling to the cellulose in the xylem cell wall and resist gravity. Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, helps keep the water molecules together inside the tracheary cells. Adhesion and cohesion work together to form a column of water that can move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion

the periodic table and organismal elements

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Periodic Table Basics for Living Things

The periodic table helps explain which elements living things need and how those elements are related. Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all occur naturally, and even fewer are essential for life. Living matter is made mostly of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Together, these elements make up most of the human body and are also found in all life on Earth. Smaller amounts of calcium,...

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cohesion

Water Molecules and Surface Tension

Water molecules stick to each other through cohesion. Water is neutral overall, but it is a polar molecule. The oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge, and it can bind with a hydrogen atom that has a partial positive charge in another water molecule. This forms a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, and these bonds give water its cohesive nature. Cohesion helps water form droplets on a surface. Water does not...

adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules. This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises.

states of water

Water Phase Changes and Ice Density

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vaporization

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the...

solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Learn how adhesion helps water stick to glass and plant xylem, driving capillary action and helping water rise from roots to leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion | JoVE K12

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Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

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3.3.9-12.K

Alabama Course of Study Science

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From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.B.1.4.b

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SC.912.L.18

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Water Climbing by Adhesion

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