Name: water climbing by adhesion
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when two different types of molecules are attracted to each other.
For instance, adhesion can be observed when a capillary tube is placed in a beaker filled with water.
The water molecules near the sides of the capillary tube adhere to the wall via hydrogen bonds and resist the downward pull of gravity. This upward pull on the liquid at the edges leads to the formation of a concave meniscus.
Since the adhesive force of water to the capillary wall is stronger than the cohesive forces between the water molecules, the water level inside the tube rises via capillary action.
Similarly, plants contain xylem vessels made of polar cellulose molecules.
Due to stronger adhesion forces, the capillary action allows the upward movement of water against the force of gravity.
The diameter of the xylem decreases towards the tops of larger trees, allowing water to continue to ascend from the roots to the leaves and where unused water can exit through transpiration.

adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water&#8217;s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass tube is inserted into a beaker filled with water, the water molecules attach to the surface of the tube, and the water level inside the tube rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the farther the water rises as more water molecules are exposed to the glass surface. Capillary action continues as long as the adhesive force is greater than the cohesive forces between the water molecules.
In plants, adhesion and cohesion allow water molecules to move up from the roots to the leaves via transpiration. Plants contain xylem vessels that consist of long, narrow cells called tracheary elements, which transport water. As water molecules exhibit attraction to cellulose, they cling to the xylem cell wall and resist the downward pull of gravity. Cohesive forces between water molecules allow attraction between the water molecules within the tracheal cells. Together, these dynamic forces of adhesion and cohesion create a column of water molecules. The adhesion of water to cellulose is greater than the cohesive forces, enabling the water to move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such ...

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water climbing by adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules.

This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises because more water molecules contact the glass surface. Capillary action continues while the adhesive force stays stronger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Adhesion also helps move water through plants during transpiration. Plants have xylem vessels made of long, narrow tracheary elements that transport water. Water molecules cling to the cellulose in the xylem cell wall and resist gravity. Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, helps keep the water molecules together inside the tracheary cells. Adhesion and cohesion work together to form a column of water that can move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion

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Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules. This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises.

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key terms and concepts

Learn how adhesion helps water stick to glass and plant xylem, driving capillary action and helping water rise from roots to leaves.

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Water Climbing by Adhesion

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