Name: verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits
Uploaded: 2025-06-05T06:42:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

Der Stamm der Verrucomicrobiota wird in vier Ordnungen eingeteilt, wobei die meisten Arten in die Ordnung Verrucomicrobiales eingeordnet werden. Arten in diesem Stamm sind obligate oder fakultativ aerobe Bakterien, die in verschiedenen Umgebungen weit verbreitet sind, darunter Süßwasser, marine Lebensräume, Waldböden und landwirtschaftliche Flächen. Verrucomicrobiota Arten tragen zum Kohlenstoffkreislauf bei. Viele Spezies fermentieren Zucker, während aerobe Methanotrophe wie die Gattung Methylacidiphilum Methan oxidieren. Interessanterweise besitzen Spezies in der Verrucomikrobiota membrangebundene zytoplasmatische Fortsätze, die als Prostheken bezeichnet werden. Diese Anhänge werden durch Peptidoglykan in ihren Zellwänden unterstützt. Die Gattungen Verrucomicrobium und Prosthecobacter zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie auf jeder Zelle mehrere Prothesen produzieren. Sie durchlaufen eine symmetrische Zellteilung, was dazu führt, dass sowohl Mutter- als auch Tochterzellen zum Zeitpunkt der Teilung Prothesen besitzen. Prosthecobacter-Spezies haben zwei Gene, die eine signifikante Homologie zu den Genen aufweisen, die für Tubulin in eukaryotischen Zellen kodieren. Ihre Funktion bleibt jedoch unklar, da bei diesen Bakterien kein eukaryotisches Zytoskelett beobachtet wurde.

bakterien phylum verrucomicrobia

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

Der Stamm Verrucomicrobiota umfasst mindestens vier beschriebene Ordnungen, wobei die meisten Arten der Ordnung Verrucomicrobiotales zugeordnet werden. Mitglieder dieses Stammes sind entweder obligat aerob oder fakultativ aerob und besitzen die F&#228;higkeit, Zucker zu fermentieren. Eine bemerkenswerte Ausnahme bildet die Gattung Methylacidiphilum, die aus aeroben methanotrophen Bakterien besteht. Dar&#252;ber hinaus gehen einige Verrucomicrobiota symbiotische Beziehungen mit Protisten ein. Diese Bakterien sind weit verbreitet und kommen in verschiedenen Umgebungen vor, darunter S&#252;&#223;wasser, Meereslebensr&#228;ume, Waldb&#246;den und landwirtschaftlich genutzte Fl&#228;chen.
&#196;hnlich wie die Planctomyceten verf&#252;gen Verrucomicrobiota &#252;ber membranumh&#252;llte intrazellul&#228;re Strukturen. Ein unterscheidendes Merkmal der Verrucomicrobiota ist jedoch das Vorhandensein von zytoplasmatischen Ausst&#252;lpungen, sogenannten Prostheken. Diese Anh&#228;nge werden durch Peptidoglycan in ihren Zellw&#228;nden gest&#252;tzt, was sie von Planctomyceten unterscheidet.
Die Gattungen Verrucomicrobium und Prosthecobacter sind bekannt daf&#252;r, dass sie mehrere Prostheken pro Zelle ausbilden. Im Gegensatz zu Caulobacter, das nur eine einzelne Prostheke entwickelt und begei&#223;elte Schw&#228;rmerzellen freisetzt, die keine Prostheken besitzen, unterziehen sich Verrucomicrobium und Prosthecobacter einer symmetrischen Zellteilung. Dabei entstehen Mutter- und Tochterzellen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Teilung beide Prostheken tragen. Der Name Verrucomicrobium leitet sich vom Griechischen ab und bedeutet &#8222;warzig&#8220;, was das Erscheinungsbild von Verrucomicrobium spinosum mit seinen zahlreichen hervortretenden Prostheken treffend beschreibt.
Ein bemerkenswertes Merkmal der Prosthecobacter-Arten ist das Vorhandensein zweier Gene, die eine starke &#196;hnlichkeit zu den Genen aufweisen, die f&#252;r Tubulin in eukaryotischen Zellen kodieren. Tubulin ist das Hauptprotein des eukaryotischen Zytoskeletts. W&#228;hrend das bakterielle Zellteilungsprotein FtsZ ebenfalls ein Tubulin-Homolog ist, zeigen die tubulin&#228;hnlichen Proteine in Prosthecobacter eine gr&#246;&#223;ere strukturelle &#196;hnlichkeit zum eukaryotischen Tubulin. Trotz dieser &#196;hnlichkeit ist die Funktion dieser Proteine in Prosthecobacter bislang unklar, da in diesen Bakterien kein eukaryoten&#228;hnliches Zytoskelett beobachtet wurde.

Bakterien Phylum Verrucomicrobia

Der Stamm Verrucomicrobiota umfasst mindestens vier beschriebene Ordnungen, wobei die meisten Arten der Ordnung Verrucomicrobiotales zugeordnet werden. ...

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verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits

Verrucomicrobiota are a bacterial phylum with several recognized orders, and most species belong to Verrucomicrobiotales. Many members are aerobic or facultatively aerobic, which means they can use oxygen but may also grow without it. They can also ferment sugars. One exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which contains aerobic methanotrophs, bacteria that use methane and oxygen.

These bacteria live in many different places. They are found in freshwater, marine habitats, forest soils, and agricultural land. Some Verrucomicrobiota also form symbiotic relationships with protists, which are single-celled eukaryotes.

Verrucomicrobiota have membrane-bound internal structures, similar to Planctomycetes. They also have cytoplasmic extensions called prosthecae. These appendages are supported by peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which helps distinguish them from Planctomycetes. The genera Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter are known for having multiple prosthecae on each cell.

Their cell division is also unusual. Unlike Caulobacter, which forms a single prostheca and releases flagellated swarmer cells without prosthecae, Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter divide symmetrically. This means both the mother cell and the daughter cell have prosthecae at the time of division. The name Verrucomicrobium comes from a Greek word meaning &quot;warty,&quot; which matches the look of Verrucomicrobium spinosum and its many protruding prosthecae.

Prosthecobacter species are especially notable because they carry two genes that are very similar to genes for eukaryotic tubulin. Tubulin is the main protein that forms the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Bacteria also have FtsZ, another tubulin homolog involved in cell division. However, the Prosthecobacter proteins are even more similar in structure to eukaryotic tubulin, and their function is still unclear. No eukaryotic-like cytoskeleton has been seen in these bacteria.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

verrucomicrobiota-cell-structure-and-traits

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key terms and concepts

Explore Verrucomicrobiota cell features, prosthecae, habitat diversity, symbiosis with protists, and the unusual tubulin-like genes in Prosthecobacter.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

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