Name: stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown
Uploaded: 2025-06-12T06:31:27.000Z
Duration: 1 min 19 s
Channel: JoVE

Kieselalgen, Goldalgen und Braunalgen bilden eine weitere Gruppe von Algen, die phylogenetisch als Stramenopiles klassifiziert werden. Kieselalgen sind einzellige und photosynthetische Organismen, die in Meeres- und Süßwasserumgebungen vorkommen. Sie besitzen eine Schutzstruktur, die als Frustule bezeichnet wird, eine auf Kieselsäure basierende Zellwand mit Proteinen und Polysacchariden. Frusteln bilden auch verschiedene komplizierte Formen, die gefiederte oder radialsymmetrische Muster aufweisen. Goldalgen oder Chrysophyten sind phototrophe Organismen in Meeres- und Süßwasserumgebungen. Einige Arten, wie Ochromonas, sind einzellig, während Dinobryon Arten Kolonien bilden. Ihre goldene Farbe ist auf das Chloroplastenpigment Fucoxanthin zurückzuführen, und sie verwenden Chlorophyll c hauptsächlich für die Photosynthese. Braunalgen sind ausschließlich marine und vollständig mehrzellige Arten. Viele Braunalgen können große Größen erreichen. Fucus, eine häufige Alge in Gezeitenzonen, kann bis zu 2 Meter hoch werden, während Riesentang wie Macrocystis bis zu 50 Meter hoch werden kann.

weitere algen

Other Algae

Die Gruppe der Stramenopilen umfasst einige phototrophe Mikroorganismen. Mitglieder dieser Gruppe besitzen Gei&#223;eln, die mit zahlreichen kurzen, haar&#228;hnlichen Forts&#228;tzen bedeckt sind &#8211; ein Merkmal, das den Namen der Gruppe inspiriert hat, abgeleitet von den lateinischen W&#246;rtern f&#252;r &#8222;Stroh&#8220; und &#8222;Haar&#8220;. Zu den wichtigsten Kategorien der Stramenopilen z&#228;hlen Kieselalgen, Goldalgen und Braunalgen.
Kieselalgen sind einzellige, photosynthetische Eukaryoten, von denen &#252;ber 200 Gattungen bekannt sind. Sie spielen eine zentrale Rolle in planktonischen Gemeinschaften, sowohl mariner als auch S&#252;&#223;wasser&#246;kosysteme. Ein charakteristisches Merkmal der Kieselalgen ist ihre auf Siliziumdioxid basierende Zellwand, die durch Proteine und Polysaccharide verst&#228;rkt ist. Diese Schutzstruktur, als Frustel bezeichnet, schreckt Fressfeinde ab und bleibt oft lange nach dem Zerfall der Zelle intakt. Die Frusteln der Kieselalgen zeigen eine Vielzahl komplexer Formen und weisen h&#228;ufig symmetrische Muster auf. Einige Arten besitzen eine pennate, d.h. gefiederte, Symmetrie, w&#228;hrend andere radiale Symmetrie zeigen. Aufgrund ihrer Zusammensetzung aus Siliziumdioxid k&#246;nnen diese Strukturen &#252;ber Millionen von Jahren in Sedimentschichten erhalten bleiben. Daher z&#228;hlen Kieselalgenfossilien zu den am besten erhaltenen Zeugnissen urzeitlicher einzelliger Eukaryoten, mit Nachweisen f&#252;r ihr Auftreten vor etwa 200 Millionen Jahren.
Goldalgen und Braunalgen stellen weitere bedeutende Zweige der Stramenopilen dar. Goldalgen, auch Chrysophyten genannt, kommen &#252;berwiegend in marinen und limnischen Lebensr&#228;umen vor, wo sie als Phototrophen fungieren. Einige Arten sind dar&#252;ber hinaus in der Lage, organisches Material durch Phagozytose oder durch Aufnahme gel&#246;ster Substanzen zu verwerten. W&#228;hrend die meisten Goldalgen einzellig und beweglich sind, bilden manche &#8211; wie Dinobryon &#8211; Kolonien. Ihre goldbraune F&#228;rbung resultiert aus dem Vorhandensein des Carotinoidpigments Fucoxanthin. Anstelle von Chlorophyll a, das in vielen anderen photosynthetischen Organismen vorzufinden ist, verwenden Goldalgen prim&#228;r Chlorophyll c und besitzen keine Phycobiliproteine, die f&#252;r Rotalgen typisch sind. Ein gut untersuchtes Beispiel dieser Gruppe ist Ochromonas, eine einzellige Art mit ein bis zwei Chloroplasten pro Zelle.
Braunalgen hingegen sind ausschlie&#223;lich marin und vollst&#228;ndig multizellul&#228;r; einzellige Vertreter sind nicht bekannt. Viele Braunalgen sind makroskopisch gro&#223; und einige Arten erreichen beeindruckende Gr&#246;&#223;en. Riesentang wie Macrocystis kann L&#228;ngen von bis zu 50 Metern erreichen, Fucus, eine h&#228;ufige Seetangart in Gezeitenzonen, wird bis zu 2 Meter gro&#223;. Die braune oder gr&#252;nlich-braune F&#228;rbung dieser Algen h&#228;ngt von der Konzentration des Fucoxanthins in ihren Zellen ab. Braunalgen geh&#246;ren zu den h&#228;ufigsten marinen Makroalgen, und in bestimmten K&#252;stenregionen kann ihr schnelles Wachstum Probleme verursachen, wenn gro&#223;e Mengen an Land gesp&#252;lt werden und beim Zersetzen unangenehme Ger&#252;che erzeugen.

Weitere Algen

Die Gruppe der Stramenopilen umfasst einige phototrophe Mikroorganismen. Mitglieder dieser Gruppe besitzen Gei&#223;eln, die mit zahlreichen kurzen, ...

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Microbial Diversity

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stramenopile algae: diatoms, golden, brown

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.”

Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This wall is reinforced with proteins and polysaccharides and helps protect the cell from predators. Frustules also stay intact after the cell dies, and their intricate shapes often show pinnate or radial symmetry. Because they are made of silica, they can persist in sediment for millions of years. Diatom fossils are among the best-preserved fossils of ancient unicellular eukaryotes, and the group likely appeared about 200 million years ago.

Golden algae, also called chrysophytes, live mainly in marine and freshwater environments. They are phototrophs, but some species can also take in organic material by phagocytosis or by absorbing dissolved compounds. Most golden algae are unicellular and motile, although some, such as Dinobryon, form colonies. Their golden-brown color comes from the pigment fucoxanthin. They use chlorophyll c rather than chlorophyll a, and they lack the phycobiliproteins found in red algae. Ochromonas is a well-studied unicellular example, and it usually has one or two chloroplasts per cell.

Brown algae are different from the other groups because they are exclusively marine and multicellular. No unicellular brown algae are known. Many are large enough to see easily, and some grow to impressive sizes. Giant kelp, such as Macrocystis, can reach up to 50 meters in length, while Fucus, a common intertidal seaweed, can grow up to 2 meters. Their brown or greenish-brown color depends on how much fucoxanthin is present in the cells. Brown algae are among the most common marine seaweeds, and in some coastal areas, large amounts wash ashore and decompose, creating a bad smell.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

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fungal phylum basidiomycota

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red algae

Red Algae Pigments, Shapes, and Uses

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green algae

Green Algae: Forms, Habitats, and Roles

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other algae

Stramenopile algae include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. These phototrophic microorganisms have flagella with many short, hairlike extensions. That feature gave the group its name, which comes from Latin words meaning “straw” and “hair.” Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, and more than 200 genera are known. They are important parts of plankton in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Their most distinctive feature is a silica-based cell wall called a frustule. This...

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diversity of protists i

Excavata Protists and Their Adaptations

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diversity of protists ii

Alveolates: Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans

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diversity of protists iii

Rhizaria: Pseudopods, Tests, and Skeletons

Rhizaria are unicellular protists with threadlike pseudopodia, which are thin cytoplasmic extensions used for movement and feeding. Their amoeboid shape once caused taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has since shown where they fit on the evolutionary tree. This group includes Chlorarachniophyta, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera, and each lineage has adapted to a different ecological niche and metabolic strategy. Chlorarachniophyta are unicellular phototrophic protists found in marine...

diversity of protists iv

Amoebozoa: Movement and Life Cycles

Amoebozoa are a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists. They move and feed with lobe-shaped pseudopodia. This feature sets them apart from Rhizaria, which have threadlike pseudopodia. The group includes gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence also shows that Amoebozoa split from a lineage that later gave rise to fungi and animals. Gymnamoebas are free-living protists that live in water and soil. They move by amoeboid movement,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae differ in structure, pigments, habitats, and size, from silica frustules to giant kelp.

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Stramenopile Algae: Diatoms, Golden, Brown

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