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Sexuelle Stimulation kann verschiedene Formen annehmen, wie z. B. körperliche Berührung und visuelle oder akustische Signale. Wenn dies geschieht, wir…
Als Reaktion auf die sexuellen Reize stimulieren die parasympathischen Neuronen die lokale Freisetzung von Stickstoffmonoxid oder NO, wodurch die Arteriolen im Penis erweitert werden. Dies erhöht die Durchblutung der Schwellkörper – der Schwellkörper und des Corpus spongiosum.
Das Blut, das die Schwellkörper füllt, komprimiert die Venen, um zu verhindern, dass das Blut den Penis verlässt.
Infolgedessen wird der Penis angeschwollen und steif, was zu einer Erektion führt.
An der kritischen Stelle der sexuellen Erregung löst ein spinaler Reflex, der von den sympathischen Fasern im Lendenwirbelbereich koordiniert wird, die Ejakulation aus.
Dieser Reflex verursacht koordinierte Kontraktionen des Nebenhodens, der Vasa deferens, der Samenbläschen und der Prostata, wodurch das Sperma in die Prostata-Harnröhre gelangt.
Nachdem der Samen in den Penis eingedrungen ist, ziehen sich Muskeln wie der Bulbospongiosus und der Ischiocavernosus im Beckenboden zusammen.
Diese Kontraktionen der Gänge, Drüsen und Muskeln stoßen das Sperma in einem Prozess, der als Ejakulation bezeichnet wird, gewaltsam aus der Harnröhre nach außen aus.
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Q1: How does nitric oxide cause an erection?
Sexual stimulation activates parasympathetic neurons that release nitric oxide in the penis. Nitric oxide dilates the arterioles, increasing blood flow into the erectile tissues—the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. The blood filling these tissues compresses the veins, preventing blood from leaving and causing the penis to become engorged and rigid.
Q2: What role do the accessory glands play in ejaculation?
During ejaculation, a sympathetic reflex triggers coordinated contractions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system, including the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. These contractions propel semen into the prostatic urethra in a process called emission, which precedes the forceful expulsion of semen from the body.
Q3: What is the difference between emission and ejaculation?
Emission occurs when sympathetic fibers in the lumbar spine trigger contractions of the epididymis, vasa deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate, propelling semen into the prostatic urethra. Ejaculation follows when pelvic floor muscles like the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract, forcefully expelling semen from the urethra to the exterior.
Q4: Which spinal nerves control the male sexual response?
Parasympathetic fibers in the sacral portion of the spinal cord initiate erection by stimulating nitric oxide release. Sympathetic fibers located in the lumbar region, typically at T12-L2, coordinate the reflex that triggers ejaculation through contractions of reproductive ducts and glands.
Q5: How do pelvic floor muscles contribute to ejaculation?
During ejaculation, pelvic floor muscles including the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract forcefully around the urethra. These muscular contractions expel semen from the penis to the exterior, completing the ejaculatory process after semen has entered from the accessory ducts of the male reproductive system.
Q6: What prevents blood from leaving the penis during an erection?
As blood fills the erectile tissues—the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum—it exerts pressure that compresses the veins in the penis. This compression prevents venous outflow, trapping blood within the erectile tissues and maintaining the rigid, engorged state characteristic of an erection.
Q7: What types of sexual stimuli trigger the parasympathetic reflex?
Sexual stimulation can take various forms, including physical touch and visual or auditory cues. Any of these stimuli activate the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord, which initiates nitric oxide release and the cascade of physiological events leading to erection.