Artificial Saliva Mineralization
Artificial Saliva Mineralization - Related Videos
08:16
Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks
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Cited by 75 •
2012
The collection of infected tick hemolymph, salivary glands, and saliva is important to study how tick-borne pathogens cause disease. In this protocol we demonstrate how to collect hemolymph and salivary glands from feeding Ixodes scapularis nymphs. We also demonstrate saliva collection from female I. scapularis adults.
11:22
The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
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2012
A CD4 enumeration method, the α-test, is described which uses whole saliva to provide rapid and accurate CD4 counts. The α-test costs pennies and eliminates the need for technical training, costly reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, instrumentation, refrigeration, transport of samples, as well as collection and handling of blood.
05:40
Handheld Device for Saliva Pretreatment to Improve Cortisol Detection
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2026
This protocol describes a rapid saliva pretreatment method for improving cortisol detection. A handheld filtration device is used to remove mucins and other interfering substances while preserving the target analyte. The pretreated saliva exhibits improved capillary flow, thereby enabling more consistent and reproducible assay performance.
06:58
Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
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Cited by 45 •
2014
DNA extraction from saliva can provide a readily available source of high molecular weight DNA, with little to no degradation/fragmentation. This protocol provides optimized parameters for saliva collection/storage and DNA extraction to be of sufficient quality and quantity for downstream DNA assays with high quality requirements.
03:45
A Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay to Identify Pathogen-Specific Antibodies in Saliva
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2025
This video demonstrates a bead-based multiplex immunoassay technique to simultaneously detect antibodies for multiple environmental pathogens in human saliva. Fluorescent beads were coupled to antigens from different pathogens, which were captured using antibodies in the human saliva sample. Upon labeling the antibodies using a fluorescent reporter, the beads were analyzed using flow cytometry to assess the presence of different pathogen-specific antibodies in the saliva.
FAQs
Calcium and phosphate ion concentrations create the chemical conditions needed for supersaturation in the saliva-like solution. Once supersaturation is established, it promotes nucleation, the initial formation of mineral structures, followed by crystal growth. This mechanism allows researchers to examine how mineral phases such as hydroxyapatite develop under controlled laboratory conditions and interact with biological or engineered surfaces.
The principal controllable variables are calcium and phosphate concentrations, solution pH, temperature, and exposure time. Together, these conditions determine whether the solution reaches the supersaturation needed for nucleation and how long mineral growth can proceed. Maintaining defined settings improves reproducibility, making comparisons between materials, coatings, or remineralization strategies more meaningful.
The surface provides the setting in which mineral-surface interactions can be examined. Biological tissues, restorative materials, implant surfaces, and engineered coatings may respond differently when exposed to the same controlled solution. Observing mineral deposition on these substrates helps bioengineers evaluate whether a design supports mineral formation, resists mineral-related damage, or behaves appropriately under simulated oral conditions.
A typical workflow uses a defined saliva-like solution containing controlled calcium and phosphate concentrations, followed by adjustment of pH and temperature. A biological or engineered surface is then exposed for a specified period. Researchers evaluate the resulting mineral formation or deposition and compare outcomes across exposure conditions or material designs to study surface interactions and performance.
The approach is useful when researchers need to evaluate remineralization strategies, dental restorative materials, implant surfaces, tissue-engineering surfaces, or protective coatings. It provides simulated oral conditions without relying solely on less controlled environments. Results can guide the optimization of materials intended to support hard-tissue repair or improve resistance to erosion.
In bioengineering, the model supplies a reproducible platform for studying how mineral phases interact with biological and engineered surfaces. Researchers can use controlled ion concentrations and environmental conditions to compare candidate materials and coatings. This supports development decisions for dental applications, implants, tissue-engineering designs, and surfaces intended to promote repair or withstand oral exposure.