Spheroid Production
Spheroid Production - Related Videos
07:46
An Efficient and Flexible Cell Aggregation Method for 3D Spheroid Production
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Cited by 67 •
2017
Here, we describe a rapid and flexible protocol for the formation of 3D cell spheroids through cell aggregation. This is easily adapted to multiple cell types and is suitable for use in a variety of applications including cell migration, invasion, or anoikis assays, and for imaging and quantifying cell-matrix interactions.
10:44
Production of Large Numbers of Size-controlled Tumor Spheroids Using Microwell Plates
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Cited by 36 •
2013
We introduce a protocol for the generation of large numbers (thousands to hundreds of thousands) of uniform size- and composition-controlled tumor spheroids, using commercially available microwell plates.
09:58
Robotic Production of Cancer Cell Spheroids with an Aqueous Two-phase System for Drug Testing
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Cited by 37 •
2015
A protocol for robotic printing of cancer cell spheroids in a high throughput 96-well plate format using an aqueous two-phase system is presented.
11:05
Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions
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Cited by 21 •
2017
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is well-documented, however the best method of preparing the cells for patients remains controversial. Herein, we communicate protocols to efficiently generate and administer therapeutic spherical aggregates or 'spheroids' of MSCs primed under xeno-free conditions for experimental and clinical applications.
03:20
Splitting Spheroids for Sub-culturing and Shipping: A Procedure for Propagating and Transferring Spheroids from Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor
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2023
This video demonstrates a strategy to split and propagate spheroids developed from small bowel neuroendocrine tumor cells. These spheroids have small bowel neuroendocrine tumor markers and can be propagated and further used to test anti-cancer drugs.
FAQs
Under nonadherent conditions, cells cannot spread across a supporting surface, so cell-cell adhesion becomes central to aggregate formation. These contacts draw cells together, while compaction produces a denser three-dimensional structure. In Spheroid Production, this self-assembly mechanism makes cell interactions a controllable basis for constructing tissue-like models in bioengineering.
Spheroid size and composition are shaped by cell number, culture conditions, and time. Changing these variables alters how much cellular material enters the aggregate and how long cells have to compact and organize. Controlling the variables allows investigators to generate models suited to different tissue-engineering objectives and to compare outcomes across experimental conditions.
Compared with conventional two-dimensional cultures, spheroids provide a three-dimensional setting in which cell interactions and tissue organization can be evaluated together. This distinction matters because the model more closely mimics key features of tissue organization, making it useful when researchers need a physiologically relevant platform rather than a flat culture format.
Monitoring viability, structure, and growth gives complementary information about spheroid quality. Viability indicates whether cells remain alive under the selected conditions, structure shows how the aggregate is organized, and growth tracks changes over time. Together, these observations help researchers judge whether a spheroid is stable and appropriate for downstream experiments.
A basic workflow uses cells placed in a nonadherent environment, such as a low-attachment plate or a hanging drop, then allows time for self-assembly and compaction. Researchers adjust cell number and culture conditions, maintain the aggregates, and monitor viability, structure, and growth to assess the resulting spheroids.
These models support tissue engineering, drug screening, disease modeling, and studies of cell behavior. Their three-dimensional organization provides a platform for examining cell interactions and for evaluating how experimental conditions affect an aggregate. In bioengineering, the same approach can help researchers improve engineered tissues by testing organization and growth in a more relevant model.
By allowing cells to self-assemble into compact, multicellular structures, the approach gives bioengineers a way to study cell interactions and tissue organization in a controlled model. Those observations can guide engineered-tissue development, while measurements of viability, structure, and growth help evaluate whether the resulting organization is suitable for the intended bioengineering study.