Anchorage Independent Growth
Anchorage Independent Growth - Related Videos
11:51
An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
0 Views •
Cited by 10 •
2014
An improved method to mechanically test bone anchorage to candidate implant surfaces is presented. This method allows for alignment of the disruption force exactly perpendicular, or parallel, to the plane of the implant surface, and provides an accurate means to direct the disruption forces to an exact peri-implant region.
01:21
Introduction to Test of Independence
0 Views •
2025
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values. The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test: where: O = observed values E = expected values (which should be at least 5) A test of independence determines whether...
01:16
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
0 Views •
2023
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are: H0: The two variables (factors)...
09:06
Microbioreactor-Based Production of Anchorage-Dependent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
0 Views •
2025
A protocol is described for microcarrier-microbioreactor production of anchorage-dependent cells as potential cell-based therapies. Targeting a use case of acute respiratory distress syndrome, comparable cell yield and favorable gene expression relative to flask-based process conditions are illustrated. This protocol is extensible to other anchorage-dependent cells and target indications.
05:08
Manipulating an Independent Variable through Embodiment
0 Views •
2023
Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco—Monmouth University In any experiment, the researcher attempts to manipulate participants in one group to have different thoughts, experiences, or feelings than the other groups in the study. Some manipulations are overt, while others can be quite subtle. Embodiment is a growing research area focused on the theory that subtle physical experiences can unconsciously influence a person’s thoughts. For example if a...
FAQs
Anchorage-independent growth can arise when altered growth control allows cells to continue proliferating after adhesion is lost, while resistance to anoikis prevents the expected apoptotic response. Most normal adherent cells depend on attachment-associated signals, so detachment creates a barrier to survival and proliferation. This phenotype therefore connects changes in growth regulation with a measurable transformation-related behavior.
Soft agar provides a semisolid environment in which cells cannot rely on attachment to a conventional solid surface. Cells that retain the capacity to survive and proliferate under these conditions can form colonies. Because colony formation directly records growth without solid-surface attachment, the assay makes this transformation-associated property observable and quantifiable in a controlled biological system.
Colony formation indicates that a cell population can maintain survival and proliferation despite the absence of attachment-dependent support. In biological studies, this result is interpreted as evidence of altered growth control and resistance to anoikis. The number or presence of colonies provides an assay outcome for comparing cellular transformation, oncogenic activity, or tumorigenic potential.
Growth on an attached surface can reflect the usual behavior of adherent cells, which receive signals associated with extracellular attachment. An anchorage-independent growth assay removes that requirement and asks whether proliferation persists after attachment is unavailable. The comparison is useful because it distinguishes general proliferative capacity from growth that is compatible with loss of adhesion.
A basic assessment places cells in a semisolid medium such as soft agar, maintains the suspension-based culture condition, and evaluates whether colonies develop. The resulting colonies serve as the measurable outcome rather than growth on a solid surface. Researchers can then use colony formation to characterize a cell population's ability to grow without attachment.
Researchers use these assays when they need to examine cellular transformation, oncogenic activity, or tumorigenic potential in cancer biology. The method is especially informative when the scientific question concerns whether cells can proliferate without adhesion-dependent signals. It can also support drug development studies by providing a phenotype relevant to altered growth control and cancer-associated behavior.
In cancer research, anchorage-independent growth links cell behavior in a controlled assay with broader questions about transformation and tumorigenic potential. Its importance comes from the combination of continued proliferation after detachment and resistance to anoikis, rather than from proliferation alone. Measuring this phenotype helps researchers evaluate biologically significant changes in cancer-related cell growth.