Defect Engineering
Defect Engineering - Related Videos
08:18
Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
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Cited by 6 •
2016
To date, thick tissue defects are typically reconstructed by applying autologous tissue flaps or engineered tissues. In this protocol, we present a new method for engineering vascularized tissue flap bearing an autologous pedicle, to serve as a substitute to autologous flaps.
07:56
A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo
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Cited by 13 •
2014
Vascularization is key to approaches in successful tissue engineering. Therefore, reliable technologies are required to evaluate the development of vascular networks in tissue-constructs. Here we present a simple and cost-effective method to visualize and quantify vascularization in vivo.
06:36
A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects
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Cited by 1 •
2021
In this paper, we present an in vitro and in situ protocol to repair a tendon gap of up to 1.5 cm by filling it with engineered collagen graft. This was performed by developing a modified suture technique to take the mechanical load until the graft matures into the host tissue.
16:33
ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
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Cited by 17 •
2014
A method to obtain nanofibers and complex nanostructures from single or multiple extracellular matrix proteins is described. This method uses protein-surface interactions to create free-standing protein-based materials with tunable composition and architecture for use in a variety of tissue engineering and biotechnology applications.
01:23
Lumber Defects
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2024
Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability. Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
FAQs
Defects modify the local electronic structure, charge distribution, and coordination environment around atoms. These changes can influence how ions move, how molecules adsorb, and which reaction pathways are energetically favored. As a result, carefully controlled imperfections may increase conductivity, create chemically active sites, or alter selectivity without changing the material’s overall composition substantially.
Each defect type changes the surrounding structure in a different way. Vacancies remove atoms, substitutions replace one atom with another, and interstitial atoms occupy normally empty positions. Dislocations distort the lattice, while surface defects affect sites directly exposed to reactants. Their distinct coordination and charge environments allow researchers to target different transport, adsorption, or reaction properties.
Composition, synthesis temperature, and the surrounding atmosphere are key variables because they determine which imperfections form and how many remain in the material. Adjusting these conditions can change defect concentration, distribution, and local chemical environments. Controlled variation is therefore important when seeking a specific balance between activity, conductivity, ion transport, stability, and selectivity.
A defect can provide an active site with a coordination environment different from that of the regular structure. This altered site may bind reactants differently, change adsorption behavior, and influence the available reaction pathway. In chemistry, these effects help explain why defect engineering can improve catalytic activity or selectivity by controlling how reactants interact with a material.
A practical workflow begins by selecting the desired property, such as conductivity, adsorption, catalytic activity, or ion transport. Researchers then adjust composition, synthesis conditions, temperature, or atmosphere to introduce a targeted defect population. The resulting material is evaluated through its chemical or physical performance, allowing preparation conditions to be refined toward the intended outcome.
Its applications include catalysts, sensors, batteries, photocatalysts, and functional nanomaterials. In these systems, controlled imperfections can influence reaction activity, molecular or ion adsorption, charge transport, and overall stability. The approach is useful when performance depends not only on the material’s bulk composition but also on its local structure and accessible surface environments.
The strategy connects structural control with measurable function: changing imperfections can tune electronic properties, charge distribution, ion transport, adsorption, and reaction pathways. This provides a way to optimize several performance outcomes, including activity, selectivity, conductivity, stability, and sensing behavior. In chemistry, it therefore supports rational development of materials whose properties are adjusted for specific applications.