Capsule Formulation
Capsule Formulation - Related Videos
01:18
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules
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2025
Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
05:24
Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule
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Cited by 25 •
2011
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to treat a myriad of different diseases. The utility of these cells lies in the fact that they can differentiate into any cell type in the body. Here we describe the teratoma assay, which is used to demonstrate the pluripotence of hPSCs.
02:17
Separation of Bacteria by Capsule Amount Using a Discontinuous Density Gradient
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2025
Source: Feltwell, T., et.al. Separating Bacteria by Capsule Amount Using a Discontinuous Density Gradient. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the use of a discontinuous density gradient to separate bacterial strains based on capsule amount. By centrifuging a transposon mutant library through the gradient, bacteria with different capsule densities localize to distinct layers. The separated fractions can then be collected for downstream analysis.
08:55
Formulations for Freeze-drying of Bacteria and Their Influence on Cell Survival
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Cited by 22 •
2013
Freeze-drying is often an easy and convenient way to obtain dry products of viable bacterial cells. An issue of the process is cell survival. We detail here a procedure to investigate how cell survival during freeze-drying is influenced by the properties of the formulation used.
11:33
Microscopy and Staining: Gram, Capsule, and Endospore Staining
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2023
Source: Rhiannon M. LeVeque1, Natalia Martin1, Andrew J. Van Alst1, and Victor J. DiRita1 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America Bacteria are diverse microorganisms found nearly everywhere on Earth. Many properties help distinguish them from each other, including but not limited to Gram-staining type, shape and arrangement, production of capsule, and formation of spores. To observe these properties, one...
FAQs
Excipients are selected to modify specific formulation properties rather than simply add volume. They can support powder flow, improve content uniformity, help achieve a consistent fill weight, and influence how quickly the capsule disintegrates and dissolves. These effects connect the composition of the formulation with dose accuracy, release behavior, stability, and ultimately the reliability of oral administration.
Powder flow affects how consistently material moves into the capsule during filling, while fill weight reflects the amount placed in each unit. Poor control of either property can contribute to variation between capsules and compromise content uniformity. Evaluating these characteristics helps researchers adjust the excipient combination and processing conditions to support accurate, repeatable dosing.
Disintegration describes the capsule breaking apart, whereas dissolution concerns the API becoming available from the resulting material. Both processes influence how the dose can be released for absorption and therefore may affect bioavailability. Testing these properties allows formulation scientists to identify whether a capsule design provides suitable performance before its use in clinical drug development.
Shell selection provides options for enclosing either solid or liquid formulations and can be considered alongside the API, excipients, stability requirements, and intended administration. Hard gelatin, soft gelatin, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose shells represent distinct capsule platforms. Comparing them helps researchers align the shell and fill materials with dose accuracy, patient acceptability, and shelf-life objectives.
A typical development sequence begins by combining the API with selected excipients, then assessing properties such as powder flow, content uniformity, fill weight, disintegration, dissolution, and stability. The prepared material is filled into an appropriate capsule shell, followed by quality testing. This workflow links composition and shell choice to measurable performance before clinical use.
Quality evaluation examines the characteristics that support consistent administration and therapeutic performance. Relevant assessments include content uniformity, fill weight, disintegration, dissolution, and stability. Together, these tests indicate whether capsules contain a reliable dose, release the API appropriately, and maintain acceptable performance over time, providing evidence for formulation optimization during clinical drug development.
Formulation choices affect several clinically relevant outcomes, including bioavailability, dose accuracy, patient acceptability, and shelf life. A carefully evaluated capsule can provide more reliable administration while preserving the intended performance of the API. For clinical researchers, these factors help connect laboratory formulation decisions with consistent dosing and dependable therapeutic outcomes.