Mixing Layer
Mixing Layer - Related Videos
03:07
Thin-Layer Chromatography - Concepts
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2020
Chromatography Chromatography is a technique used in organic chemistry to separate compounds in a mixture based on their differences in solubility between two different phases. The concept is similar to liquid-liquid extraction, except in chromatography, the two phases consist of the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is a solid — typically a microscale hydrogel bead — while the mobile phase is a carrier solvent. In traditional chromatography, the stationary phase is...
14:32
Thin-Layer Chromatography - Student Protocol
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2020
Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA Effects of Mobile Phase Composition on Compound SeparationExpand In this section of the lab, you will use TLC to compare how well pure hexane and a mixture of 60% hexane and 40% ethyl acetate can separate phenol, benzoic acid, and butyl phenyl ether by measuring the distance the compound traveled in each solvent. Before starting the lab, put on a lab coat, safety glasses, and nitrile gloves.
09:56
Layer-by-layer Collagen Deposition in Microfluidic Devices for Microtissue Stabilization
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Cited by 7 •
2015
The creation of functional microtissues within microfluidic devices requires the stabilization of cell phenotypes by adapting traditional cell culture techniques to the limited spatial dimensions in microdevices. Modification of collagen allows the layer-by-layer deposition of ultrathin collagen assemblies that can stabilize primary cells, such as hepatocytes, as microfluidic tissue models.
01:22
Mixed Strategies
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2025
In game theory, mixed strategies involve players choosing their actions randomly from a set of available options. This approach contrasts with pure strategies, where players select a specific action with certainty. Mixed strategies become relevant in scenarios where there is no pure strategy equilibrium. A mixed-strategies Nash equilibrium occurs when players adopt strategies so that no one can benefit by unilaterally changing their own strategy, given the strategies of the others. In this...
09:48
Performing 1D Thin Layer Chromatography
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. Yuri Bolshan — University of Ontario Institute of Technology Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatographic method used to separate mixtures of non-volatile compounds. A TLC plate consists of a thin layer of adsorbent material (the stationary phase) fixed to an appropriate solid support such as plastic, aluminum, or glass1. The sample(s) and reference compound(s) are dissolved in an appropriate solvent and applied near the bottom edge of the TLC plate in small...
FAQs
The velocity difference across the layer creates shear that can amplify small disturbances. As these disturbances grow, they form rolling vortices characteristic of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The vortices draw fluid from both neighboring streams into the layer, increasing momentum, mass, and potentially heat or chemical-species exchange as the flow develops downstream.
Vortex growth causes the layer to entrain surrounding fluid, meaning that fluid from adjacent streams is incorporated into the shear region. This entrainment expands the zone affected by velocity and scalar exchange, so mixing-layer thickness generally increases downstream. The thickness and growth rate therefore provide useful measures of how rapidly the two streams interact.
Shear supplies the instability mechanism that first amplifies disturbances and produces coherent rolling vortices. Farther downstream, continued vortex growth and entrainment can lead to a transition toward turbulence. This change matters because turbulent motion alters how momentum, heat, mass, and chemical species are exchanged, influencing predictions of drag, noise, blending, and heat transfer.
An analysis should follow the velocity difference between the adjacent streams, the layer’s thickness, its downstream growth rate, and its transition toward turbulence. Together, these characteristics indicate the strength of shear, the extent of fluid entrainment, and the likely development of transport processes. They also provide a basis for comparing flow behavior in different engineering configurations.
Mixing-layer analysis applies to jets, wakes, combustors, and industrial mixing equipment. In jets and wakes, the developing layer affects drag and noise as well as exchange with surrounding fluid. In combustors and processing equipment, its behavior influences blending, heat transfer, and chemical-species transport, making the layer relevant to both performance assessment and design decisions.
Tracking layer growth and entrainment helps engineers assess how effectively streams interact before and during reaction. In combustors, this information can support improved combustion efficiency by clarifying how momentum and chemical species are exchanged. In reactor design, it helps evaluate blending and transport behavior, contributing to configurations that promote more effective mixing.
Environmental dispersion models must represent how material spreads as neighboring flows exchange momentum and transported species. Mixing-layer thickness, downstream growth, and entrainment provide a framework for describing that spreading. Incorporating these features can improve predictions of how chemical species disperse through a flow, while also connecting model behavior to the underlying shear-driven fluid dynamics.