Cardiac Cement Embolism
Cardiac Cement Embolism - Related Videos
01:24
Hydration of Cement
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2024
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
01:17
Soundness of Cement
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2024
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create ettringite,...
07:42
Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
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Cited by 3 •
2017
A protocol for obtaining a water-soluble chloride profile by using a high precision milling method is presented.
03:06
Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization Using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
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2023
To reduce the postoperative recurrence rate of varicocelectomy, we combined high ligation of varicocele with intraoperative embolization. We injected polidocanol from the spermatic vein during surgery to embolize the branches of the spermatic vein and collateral veins. This is an alternative surgical method for the treatment of varicocele.
01:21
Portland Cement
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2024
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
FAQs
The critical event is venous leakage before the cement hardens. During vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, liquid polymethylmethacrylate can pass through vertebral veins; once in venous blood, it may fragment and travel through the inferior vena cava. This timing links cement handling and injection technique directly to possible cardiac or pulmonary migration.
Migration through the inferior vena cava places the right-sided heart structures and pulmonary vasculature in the pathway. Fragments reaching the right atrium or right ventricle may be associated with arrhythmias or cardiac perforation, whereas pulmonary arterial involvement can produce pulmonary embolism. The final location therefore helps explain the range from no symptoms to hemodynamic instability.
Presentation varies because embolized material may remain clinically silent or may affect critical cardiac or pulmonary structures. Reported complications include arrhythmias, cardiac perforation, pulmonary embolism, and hemodynamic instability. This variability can make recognition difficult, because the absence of immediate symptoms does not exclude migration after a cement-using spine procedure.
Computed tomography and echocardiography are the principal imaging approaches identified for supporting diagnosis. Their use is important because cement may be located in the right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary vasculature, and clinical findings can range from asymptomatic disease to instability. Imaging therefore helps investigate suspected migration and its anatomic distribution.
Prevention centers on controlling cement behavior and limiting venous escape during vertebral augmentation. Careful handling of polymethylmethacrylate, a controlled injection technique, and monitoring throughout the spine procedure are specifically emphasized. Together, these measures target the interval before polymerization, when liquid cement can leak through vertebral veins and begin downstream migration.
Cardiac cement embolism is most relevant when vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty uses bone cement and a venous leak is possible. In that setting, clinicians should connect the procedural history with potential right-heart or pulmonary involvement, then use computed tomography or echocardiography to support evaluation. This context focuses assessment on a procedure-related complication and its possible cardiopulmonary consequences.