Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee Osteoarthritis - Related Videos
07:31
In Vivo Tracking of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model with Fluorescent Lipophilic Membrane Dye
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Cited by 2 •
2017
This protocol describes an efficient way to monitor the cell persistence and biodistribution of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) by far-red fluorescence labeling in a rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model via intra-articular (IA) injection.
08:40
Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit
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Cited by 7 •
2023
In this protocol, a knee osteoarthritis model was prepared using the modified Videman method, and the operation procedures and precautions of acupotomy are detailed. The effectiveness of acupotomy has been demonstrated by testing the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon and the mechanical and morphological properties of cartilage.
12:01
Knee Exam
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2023
Source: Robert E. Sallis, MD. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA The knee is a hinged joint that connects the femur with the tibia. It is the largest joint in the body, and due to its location in the middle of the lower leg, it is subjected to a variety of traumatic and degenerative forces. Examination of the knee can be quite complex, owing to the fact it is an inherently unstable joint held together by various ligaments and supported by menisci, which act as shock absorbers and...
04:22
Assessment of Knee Hyperalgesia in Mice using Pressure Application Measurement
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Cited by 2 •
2025
The protocol describes how to measure knee hyperalgesia in mice. We show examples in mouse models of acute knee pain as well as in models of osteoarthritis (OA).
09:26
The Monoiodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis Pain in the Mouse
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Cited by 181 •
2016
Osteoarthritis (OA), or degenerative joint disease, is a debilitating condition associated with pain that remains only partially controlled by available analgesics. Animal models are being developed to improve our understanding of OA-related pain mechanisms. Here we describe the methodology for the monoiodoacetate model of OA pain in the mouse.
FAQs
Repeated mechanical loading can disrupt the processes that maintain cartilage, especially as age-related biological changes reduce the joint’s ability to preserve tissue. Once cartilage maintenance is impaired, changes in subchondral bone and surrounding tissues can further interfere with normal knee function. These linked changes help explain progressive pain, stiffness, and mobility limitations.
Subchondral bone remodeling and low-grade synovial inflammation contribute to knee osteoarthritis through pathways distinct from cartilage changes alone. Remodeling affects the bone beneath cartilage, while inflammation alters the joint environment and can contribute to symptoms. Considering all three tissues helps medicine interpret the disorder as a whole-joint process rather than an isolated cartilage problem.
Mechanical loading and age-related biological changes are two important influences on knee osteoarthritis. Loading can repeatedly stress joint tissues, while biological aging can interfere with cartilage maintenance and other tissue responses. The resulting interaction among cartilage, subchondral bone, and surrounding tissues may affect structural damage, pain, stiffness, and the ability to move normally.
Clinical evaluation combines medical history, physical examination, and imaging rather than relying on a single finding. The history and examination help characterize symptoms and reduced mobility, while imaging assesses structural changes and disease severity. Together, these sources support a more complete assessment and help clinicians guide an appropriate care plan.
Care may include exercise, weight management, medications, injections, or joint replacement. These options provide different approaches to managing symptoms, supporting mobility, or addressing joint dysfunction. The overview does not identify one universal intervention for every patient, so clinical evaluation of disease severity helps guide treatment choices and ongoing medical care.
Ongoing research seeks earlier diagnosis, better symptom control, and therapies that preserve joint function. This focus extends beyond treating established symptoms by examining how clinicians might identify disease sooner and maintain mobility over time. In medicine, these goals are important because the disorder can involve cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial inflammation, and surrounding tissues together.