T2 Star Mapping
T2 Star Mapping - Related Videos
11:32
Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
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Cited by 20 •
2017
Here, we detail the method of Sequencing of Psoralen crosslinked, Ligated, and Selected Hybrids (SPLASH), which enables genome-wide mapping of intramolecular and intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions in vivo. SPLASH can be applied to study RNA interactomes of organisms including yeast, bacteria and humans.
06:58
Fate Mapping
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2023
Fate mapping is a technique used to understand how embryonic cells divide, differentiate, and migrate during development. In classic fate mapping experiments, cells in different areas of an embryo are labeled with a chemical dye and then tracked to determine which tissues or structures they form. Technological improvements now allow for individual cells to be marked and traced throughout embryonic development and adulthood. This video reviews the concepts behind fate mapping, and then details a...
11:03
Motor Maps
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California One principle of brain organization is the topographic mapping of information. Especially in sensory and motor cortices, adjacent regions of the brain tend to represent information from adjacent parts of the body, resulting in maps of the body expressed on the surface of the brain. The primary sensory and motor maps in the brain surround a prominent sulcus known as the central sulcus. The cortex...
05:30
Measurement of Tumor T2* Relaxation Times after Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Administration
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Cited by 1 •
2023
We present a standardized protocol for the quantification of T2* relaxation times of tumors using external software. Multi-echo gradient echo images are acquired and fed into the software to create tumor T2* maps and measure tumor T2* relaxation times.
06:56
Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
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Cited by 17 •
2013
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) with narrow mass distributions and tunable nanoscopic sizes are synthesized in via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a PEG-norbornene macromonomer followed by transfer of portions of the resulting living brush initiator to vials containing varied amounts of a rigid, photo-cleavable bis-norbornene crosslinker.
FAQs
The measured decay reflects two sources of dephasing: intrinsic spin-spin relaxation and additional loss of phase caused by local magnetic-field inhomogeneities. Because T2* contains both effects, a shortened value may indicate altered tissue microstructure or susceptibility rather than a change in intrinsic relaxation alone. This combined sensitivity helps reveal spatially localized tissue differences.
Multiple echo times provide several points along the transverse signal-decay curve rather than a single measurement. Fitting those points estimates the apparent relaxation behavior for each voxel, allowing differences to be represented numerically across an organ or tissue region. The resulting values support quantitative comparisons that visual MRI assessment alone cannot provide.
Unlike a measurement limited to intrinsic spin-spin relaxation, T2* also responds to local magnetic susceptibility and field variation. That distinction makes the map informative about processes such as iron deposition and hemorrhage, where susceptibility changes can alter dephasing. It also helps relate findings to tissue composition or damage beyond anatomy visible through visual assessment.
An MRI examination acquires images at multiple echo times, then analyzes how signal intensity decreases as transverse magnetization dephases. A fitting procedure converts that decay into a T2* value for each voxel, producing a parametric map. Investigators can then inspect the spatial distribution of values to identify regional differences and quantify tissue characteristics.
In medicine, applications span the heart, liver, brain, and musculoskeletal system. The measurements can support evaluation of iron deposition, hemorrhage, fibrosis, oxygenation, and tissue damage. Because results are spatially quantified, the technique can provide more than a visual impression, helping characterize how abnormalities are distributed within the examined tissue.
Repeated quantitative maps can be used to follow disease progression and assess treatment response. Changes in voxel-wise T2* values may show that tissue properties have shifted over time, while their spatial pattern can indicate where those changes occur. This makes the technique useful not only for initial characterization but also for longitudinal medical evaluation.