Upper Extremity Surgery
Upper Extremity Surgery - Related Videos
06:04
Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Cited by 2 •
2025
An upper-extremity approach for secondary access during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with fewer secondary access site-related bleeding complications and reduces time to mobilization in patients requiring extended pacing. This protocol aims to provide an extensive overview of the upper-extremity approach and guide operators in adopting this methodology.
05:52
Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
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Cited by 103 •
2018
Here, we present a protocol to develop and apply a mobile game-based virtual reality program for the recovery of upper limb dysfunction in patients with stroke. The present study shows that the mobile program is feasible and effectively promotes upper limb recovery in stroke patients.
08:45
Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Cited by 65 •
2018
This protocol describes an objective method to evaluate the movement performance and sensorimotor function of the upper extremity applied to individuals with stroke and healthy controls. A standardized test procedure, kinematic analysis and outcome variables for three-dimensional motion capture of drinking task are provided.
01:22
Absolute and Local Extreme Values
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2026
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
08:28
Rodent Stereotaxic Surgery
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2023
Stereotaxic (or stereotactic) surgery is a method used to manipulate the brain of living animals. This technique allows researchers to accurately target deep structures within the brain through the use of a stereotaxic atlas, which provides the 3D coordinates of each area with respect to anatomical landmarks on the skull. After the skull is exposed, anesthetized animals are mounted on a specialized instrument known as a stereotaxic frame, which enables the precise placement of experimental...
FAQs
Diagnosis links symptoms and functional limitations to the affected structure, such as a tendon, nerve, bone, or joint. This information helps determine whether treatment should focus on repair, fracture stabilization, decompression, or joint replacement. Accurate assessment is important because anatomical reconstruction and the selected procedure must address the underlying problem while supporting useful movement afterward.
The treatment objective depends on what has been injured or diseased. Damaged tendons or nerves may require repair, fractures may need stabilization, and compressed structures may require decompression. Severely damaged joints may be treated with replacement. Matching the procedure to the affected tissue helps restore anatomy and targets the symptoms and functional loss associated with the condition.
Upper extremity surgery can use open or minimally invasive techniques, depending on the injury or disease and the reconstruction required. An open approach may provide direct access for complex repair or stabilization, whereas a minimally invasive approach may be selected when the problem can be addressed through smaller access points. The technique remains subordinate to restoring structure and function.
Planning begins with careful diagnosis and assessment of the affected shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, or hand. The surgical goal is then matched to the damaged structure and condition, whether repair, stabilization, decompression, or replacement is needed. Postoperative rehabilitation and functional assessment are incorporated into planning because successful care extends beyond the operation itself.
Rehabilitation supports the return of movement and function after anatomical repair or reconstruction. Its progress can be evaluated through functional assessment, including how well the patient performs relevant activities. This follow-up helps clinicians determine whether treatment is meeting its goals and guides recovery toward practical abilities, such as using the affected limb in daily activities.
The approach is relevant to trauma, arthritis, nerve disorders, sports injuries, and congenital or degenerative conditions. These problems can affect different levels of the upper limb and may produce pain, restricted movement, instability, or impaired function. Surgical management is considered within the broader medical evaluation, with the intended outcome of symptom relief and improved ability to perform daily activities.