Ex Vivo Retina
Ex Vivo Retina - Related Videos
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
05:53
In vivo Electroporation of Developing Mouse Retina
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Cited by 33 •
2011
A method for the incorporation of plasmid DNA into murine retinal cells for the purpose of performing either gain- or loss of function studies in vivo is presented. This method capitalizes on the transient increase in permeability of cell plasma membranes induced by the application of an external electrical field.
04:32
Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina
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2025
Source: Wang, Z., et al. Transpupillary Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina. J. Vis. Exp. (2021).This video demonstrates a technique for in vivo retinal imaging using two-photon microscopy. Anesthetized mice are prepared for imaging by securing their heads, Applying eye lubricant, and placing a coverslip over the eye. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expressing fluorescent proteins are first visualized using epifluorescence for alignment. Finally, two-photon imaging is employed,...
06:55
In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Adult Zebrafish Retina
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Cited by 42 •
2011
A method to conditionally knockdown a target protein’s expression in the adult zebrafish retina is described, which involves intravitreally injecting antisense morpholinos and electroporating them into the retina. The resulting protein is knocked down for several days, which allows testing the protein’s role in the regenerating or intact retina.
04:08
In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina Using Optical Coherence Tomography
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2025
Source: Jagodzinska, J., et. al., Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo. J. Vis. Exp. (2017) In this video, we demonstrate the use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to image retinal layers and assess structural changes in a genetically modified mouse model with optic neuropathy.
FAQs
Its value comes from retaining interactions among photoreceptors, interneurons, and ganglion cells after isolation. Those connections allow investigators to examine how signals are transformed through retinal circuitry rather than measuring a single cell in isolation. Because the tissue remains accessible outside the animal, experiments can connect cellular responses with broader patterns of visual processing under controlled conditions.
Oxygenated, nutrient-balanced media or a perfusion system helps maintain the tissue during experimentation. This support is important because measurements of light responses, synaptic activity, or pharmacological effects depend on preserving retinal function long enough to record it. Maintaining these conditions allows researchers to study retinal signaling while controlling the surrounding experimental environment.
Direct access lets investigators target particular retinal layers and examine their cellular or synaptic contributions separately. This spatial control supports focused electrophysiological recording, calcium imaging, synaptic analysis, and pharmacological manipulation. As a result, researchers can relate activity in selected parts of the retinal circuit to how visual information is processed across connected neural cell types.
Ex Vivo Retina supports several complementary readouts, including electrophysiological recordings, calcium imaging, synaptic analysis, and responses to pharmacological manipulation. Electrophysiology measures neural signaling, calcium imaging tracks activity-related calcium changes, and synaptic analysis examines communication between cells. Using these approaches together can reveal how retinal circuitry responds to light and other controlled stimuli.
The setup requires placing isolated retinal tissue in oxygenated, nutrient-balanced media or connecting it to a perfusion system. Researchers then expose the accessible preparation to light or other stimuli while applying an appropriate measurement or manipulation, such as electrophysiological recording, calcium imaging, synaptic analysis, or pharmacological treatment. This workflow preserves experimental control while enabling direct study of retinal circuitry.
Researchers choose this preparation when they need direct access to retinal layers and precise control over the experimental environment. It is particularly useful for testing light responses, neural signaling, synaptic mechanisms, and pharmacological effects without losing the organization of the retinal circuit. The approach also supports experiments that connect cellular activity with sensory processing.
The preparation provides a controlled setting for examining how retinal circuitry responds during studies of retinal degeneration and potential therapies. Researchers can assess cellular activity, synaptic signaling, and responses to experimental manipulation while observing defined retinal layers. These measurements help link changes at the cellular level with consequences for retinal function and visual processing.