14.3
Adquisiciones
Una adquisición es una acción estratégica en la que una empresa obtiene el control sobre otra adquiriendo una parte significativa de su capital o acti…
Una adquisición se produce cuando una empresa obtiene el control de otra mediante la adquisición de la mayoría o la totalidad de sus acciones o activos.
Por ejemplo, una adquisición se produce cuando un gran minorista compra suficientes acciones de una marca de ropa más pequeña para hacerse con el control.
Las adquisiciones pueden ocurrir de varias maneras, incluidas adquisiciones, concursos de poder y transacciones privadas.
Las adquisiciones, como la compra de Whole Foods por parte de Amazon en 27 años, implican la compra directa de una empresa o la obtención de una participación mayoritaria.
Un concurso de representación se produce cuando los inversores intentan hacerse con el control de una empresa persuadiendo a los accionistas para que voten por el equipo de gestión o la junta directiva que proponen.
Esta estrategia permite a los inversores influir en las decisiones corporativas sin necesidad de una participación mayoritaria.
Una transacción que se convierte en privada ocurre cuando una empresa pública pasa a ser de propiedad privada, generalmente mediante la recompra de todas las acciones que cotizan en bolsa o la fusión con una empresa privada.
Estas transacciones suelen ser iniciadas por la dirección, las empresas de capital privado o los grupos de inversores.
Las adquisiciones permiten a las empresas crecer rápidamente mediante la adquisición de nuevas capacidades o cuota de mercado, a veces beneficiando a ambas partes, pero a menudo favoreciendo al adquirente.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Business videos
Q1: What are the main methods through which a takeover can occur?
Takeovers occur through three primary methods: acquisitions, proxy contests, and going-private transactions. Acquisitions involve buying a company outright or obtaining a controlling stake, like Amazon's 2017 purchase of Whole Foods. Proxy contests allow investors to gain control by persuading shareholders to vote for their proposed management team without needing a majority stake. Going-private transactions transition public companies to private ownership by purchasing all publicly traded shares or merging with a private entity.
Q2: How does a proxy contest differ from a direct acquisition in a takeover?
A proxy contest allows investors to influence corporate decisions by persuading shareholders to vote for their proposed board of directors, without requiring a majority stake or purchasing company shares. In contrast, an acquisition involves directly buying a company or obtaining a controlling stake through equity or asset purchase. Proxy contests enable strategic influence through governance changes, while acquisitions provide complete operational control through ownership.
Q3: What happens to a company during a going-private transaction?
A going-private transaction removes a public company from public ownership by purchasing all publicly traded shares or merging with a private entity. These transactions are typically initiated by management, private equity firms, or investor groups. The company transitions to private ownership, allowing for long-term restructuring and strategic focus without public market scrutiny.
Q4: Why do companies pursue takeovers as a growth strategy?
Companies pursue takeovers to grow quickly by acquiring new capabilities, market share, or valuable resources aligned with their objectives. Takeovers enable rapid expansion or diversification by integrating the target company's resources, technologies, and market presence. This strategic approach allows acquirers to strengthen market position and achieve operational objectives faster than organic growth alone.
Q5: What are the potential outcomes of a takeover for both companies involved?
Takeovers can benefit both parties through synergies and combined capabilities, though they often favor the acquirer. The acquiring company gains access to new markets, technologies, or operational efficiencies. The target company may benefit from improved management, capital investment, or integration into a larger organization, though outcomes depend on the alignment of objectives and dynamics between involved parties.
Q6: What distinguishes friendly and hostile takeovers?
Friendly takeovers are mutually agreeable transactions where both companies support the acquisition and work cooperatively. Hostile takeovers occur when the target company resists the proposal and attempts to prevent the acquisition. The distinction affects negotiation dynamics, regulatory scrutiny, and the likelihood of successful completion.
Q7: How do takeovers impact a company's financial performance?
Takeovers can generate financial gains through cost reduction, revenue enhancement, and operational synergies, but they also create financial side effects of acquisition such as integration costs, debt increases, and potential disruptions. The overall financial impact depends on acquisition strategy, integration execution, and market conditions. Successful takeovers align with the acquirer's long-term objectives and create measurable value.