Name: electron transfer in redox
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Redox Reactions

- Durante la oxidación-reducción
o reacciones redox,

los electrones se
transfieren entre los átomos.

La molécula que dona un electrón se oxida

y la molécula que recibe
un electrón se reduce.

Tiene una carga menos positiva.

Por ejemplo, cuando los átomos
de sodio y cloro neutros

se convierten en iones, el
sodio pierde un electrón.

Se oxida y el cloro gana
un electrón, se reduce.

Además, la molécula que dona un electrón.

se conoce como agente reductor,

mientras que la molécula
que recibe el electrón

es el agente oxidante.

De nuevo el sodio se oxida por
lo que es el agente reductor,

y el cloro se reduce, por lo
que es el agente oxidante.

Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., Robinson, W. R., Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., Choi, J. Sección 4.2: Clasificación de reacciones químicas. En Química 2e. OpenStax. Houston, TX (2019).

reacciones redox

Las reacciones de oxidación-reducción o redox implican la transferencia de electrones de una molécula o átomo a otro. Cuando un átomo gana un electrón, otro átomo debe perder un electrón, lo que significa que la oxidación y la reducción deben ocurrir juntas. Dado que el redox ocurre en pares, el átomo que se oxida también se llama agente reductor o reductor, y el átomo que se reduce también se llama agente oxidante u oxidante. Una forma sencilla de recordar las definiciones de oxidación y reducción es a través de la frase OIL-RIG, que significa: La Oxidación está Perdiendo, la Reducción está Ganando (electrones).   Estados de oxidación Una reacción redox cambia los estados de oxidación del átomo. El estado o número de oxidación se refiere a la carga que tendría un átomo si cada uno de sus enlaces con otros elementos fuera puramente iónico. Determinar si hay cambios en los números de oxidación de los átomos en uno o más reactivos puede ayudar a determinar si una reacción es una reacción de oxidación-reducción. En la reacción entre el sodio y el cloro para producir cloruro de sodio, el sodio se oxida y el cloro se reduce. <img alt="Equation1" src="/files/ftp_upload/10671/Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 13px;"> Es útil ver el proceso que le ocurre a cada reactivo por separado, es decir, representar el destino de cada reactivo en forma de una ecuación llamada semirreacción: <img alt="Equation2" src="/files/ftp_upload/10671/Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 13px;"> <img alt="Equation3" src="/files/ftp_upload/10671/Equation_3.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 13px;"> Estas ecuaciones muestran que los átomos de Na pierden electrones, pasando de un número de oxidación de 0 a 1+, mientras que los átomos de Cl (en la molécula de Cl2) ganan electrones, pasando de un número de oxidación de 0 a 1-. Transferencia incompleta de electrones Una reacción redox puede ocurrir no solo cuando se transfiere un electrón, sino también cuando hay un cambio en la distribución de los electrones en un enlace covalente. Por ejemplo, el metano y el oxígeno pueden reaccionar para formar dióxido de carbono y agua. Los electrones del metano se comparten por igual entre el carbono y el hidrógeno, pero el carbono del dióxido de carbono es parcialmente positivo, ya que el oxígeno atrae los electrones más que el carbono. El dióxido de carbono pierde electrones y se oxida, y el oxígeno gana electrones y se reduce. Este texto está adaptado de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-2-classifying-chemical-reactions"> Openstax, Química 2e, Sección 4.2: Clasificación de reacciones químicas.</a>

Reacciones redox

Las reacciones de oxidación-reducción o redox implican la transferencia de electrones de una molécula o átomo a otro. Cuando un átomo gana un electrón, otro ...

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electron transfer in redox

Redox reactions are chemical reactions that involve electron transfer between atoms or molecules. When one particle gains electrons, another must lose them at the same time. That is why oxidation and reduction always happen together.

The two roles in a redox reaction are linked. The atom that is oxidized acts as the reducing agent, or reductant. The atom that is reduced acts as the oxidizing agent, or oxidant. A simple way to remember the ideas is OIL-RIG, which means oxidation is losing electrons and reduction is gaining electrons.

Redox reactions also change oxidation states, or oxidation numbers. An oxidation state is the charge an atom would have if all of its bonds were purely ionic. Checking whether oxidation numbers change in the reactants can help identify a redox reaction.

A sodium and chlorine reaction makes this idea clear. Sodium is oxidized, and chlorine is reduced to form sodium chloride. The process can be shown with half-reactions, which separate the fate of each reactant. In these equations, sodium goes from an oxidation number of 0 to 1+, while chlorine in Cl2 goes from 0 to 1-.

Electron transfer is not always complete. A redox reaction can also happen when the sharing of electrons changes in a covalent bond. Methane and oxygen can react to form carbon dioxide and water. In methane, electrons are shared equally between carbon and hydrogen, but in carbon dioxide the carbon is partially positive because oxygen pulls electrons more strongly. In that reaction, carbon dioxide is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Electron Transfer in Redox

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redox reactions

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solvents

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key terms and concepts

Learn how redox reactions move electrons, change oxidation states, and use half-reactions to track sodium, chlorine, methane, and oxygen.

Electron Transfer in Redox | JoVE K12

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Electron Transfer in Redox

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