Name: water climbing by adhesion
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 14 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Adhesion

- [Instructor] La adhesión se
produce cuando dos moléculas

diferentes se atraen entre sí.

Como el agua que se adhiere
a la brizna de hierba.

Esto es porque la superficie
de la hierba es polar.

Cuando la superficie es un tubo vertical,

provoca un tirón hacia
arriba en los bordes.

Un menisco cóncavo.

Si la fuerza adhesiva es más fuerte

que la atracción cohesiva
entre las moléculas líquidas,

el agua continúa aumentando,

un movimiento conocido
como acción capilar.

Al igual que el tubo estrecho,
las plantas que contienen

xilema están compuestas de celulosa polar.

Llevan agua a través de la acción capilar

contra la fuerza de la gravedad.

El diámetro de estos vasos disminuye

hacia las copas de los árboles más altos,

permitiendo que el agua suba aún más alto,

de las raíces a las hojas.

Kim, Hae Koo, Joonghyuk Park e Ildoo Hwang. "Investigación del transporte de agua a través de la red de xilema en plantas vasculares". Revista de Botánica Experimental 65, no. 7 (1 de abril de 2014): 1895-1904. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru075" target="__blank">Fuente</a>]

adhesión

La adhesión ocurre cuando un tipo de molécula es atraída por otra molécula diferente. El agua presenta propiedades adhesivas en presencia de superficies polares, como el vidrio o la celulosa en las plantas. Por ejemplo, cuando se vierte agua en un vaso, las moléculas de hidrógeno del agua cargadas positivamente se sienten más atraídas por las moléculas de oxígeno cargadas negativamente en la sílice que por el oxígeno de las moléculas de agua vecinas. La acción capilar es el resultado de las tendencias adhesivas del agua. Cuando se inserta un tubo de vidrio estrecho en un vaso lleno de agua, las moléculas de agua se adhieren a la superficie del tubo y el nivel del agua dentro del tubo aumenta. Cuanto menor es el diámetro del tubo, más asciende el agua a medida que más moléculas de agua quedan expuestas a la superficie del vidrio. La acción capilar continúa mientras la fuerza adhesiva sea mayor que las fuerzas de cohesión entre las moléculas de agua. En las plantas, la adhesión y la cohesión permiten que las moléculas de agua asciendan desde las raíces hasta las hojas mediante la transpiración. Las plantas contienen vasos xilemáticos que consisten en células largas y estrechas llamadas elementos traqueales, que transportan agua. A medida que las moléculas de agua muestran atracción por la celulosa, se adhieren a la pared celular del xilema y resisten la atracción descendente de la gravedad. Las fuerzas de cohesión entre las moléculas de agua permiten la atracción entre las moléculas de agua dentro de las células traqueales. Juntas, estas fuerzas dinámicas de adhesión y cohesión crean una columna de moléculas de agua. La adhesión del agua a la celulosa es mayor que las fuerzas de cohesión, lo que permite que el agua ascienda desde las raíces hasta las hojas.

Adhesión

La adhesión ocurre cuando un tipo de molécula es atraída por una molécula diferente. El agua exhibe propiedades adhesivas en presencia de superficies polares, como ...

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water climbing by adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules.

This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises because more water molecules contact the glass surface. Capillary action continues while the adhesive force stays stronger than the cohesive forces between water molecules.

Adhesion also helps move water through plants during transpiration. Plants have xylem vessels made of long, narrow tracheary elements that transport water. Water molecules cling to the cellulose in the xylem cell wall and resist gravity. Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, helps keep the water molecules together inside the tracheary cells. Adhesion and cohesion work together to form a column of water that can move upward from the roots to the leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion

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adhesion

Water can climb or stick to surfaces because of adhesion, which is the attraction between different kinds of molecules. In water, this is easy to see on polar surfaces such as glass or cellulose in plants. The positive hydrogen side of water is more attracted to the negative oxygen in silica than to nearby water molecules. This attraction helps explain capillary action. If a narrow glass tube is placed in a beaker of water, water molecules attach to the tube’s surface and the water level rises.

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solvents

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key terms and concepts

Learn how adhesion helps water stick to glass and plant xylem, driving capillary action and helping water rise from roots to leaves.

Water Climbing by Adhesion | JoVE K12

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Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

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Water Climbing by Adhesion

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