Name: vaporization, boiling, and evaporation
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:01.000Z
Duration: 1 min 18 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Vaporization

- La vaporización es la transición

de un líquido a un gas o vapor.

Por ejemplo, cuando la energía
térmica se agrega al agua,

alcanza su punto de ebullición
y se convierte en vapor.

La cantidad de energía
necesaria para vaporizar

una masa de líquido dada a
una temperatura constante

se conoce como calor de vaporización.

Además, también puede ocurrir vaporización

justo en la superficie de un líquido

este es un proceso
conocido como evaporación.

En esta ocasión, el sol y el viento

aportan energía cinética.

Si la energía excede las
fuerzas intermoleculares,

las moléculas pueden liberarse
y convertirse en vapor,

medio de enfriamiento clave en
animales a través del sudor.

Porque el sudor es sobre todo agua,

estas moléculas se evaporan.

Al escapar, la energía del calor.

almacenada en las
moléculas sigue adelante,

bajando la temperatura
colectiva de las gotas restantes

y da como resultado una
temperatura corporal más fría.

La evaporación es también
una fuerza importante

en la transpiración de las plantas.

Con la ayuda de la
cohesión y la adherencia.

La evaporación de agua en
la superficie de las hojas

ayuda a atraer moléculas vecinas,

llevando el agua de
las raíces a las hojas.

vaporización

La forma física de una sustancia cambia al cambiar su temperatura. Por ejemplo, aumentar la temperatura de un líquido hace que el líquido se vaporice (se convierta en vapor). El proceso se llama vaporización, un fenómeno superficial. Para que se produzca la vaporización, la energía cinética debe ser mayor que las fuerzas intermoleculares que mantienen unidas las moléculas. La cantidad de energía necesaria para vaporizar una cantidad de líquido a una presión determinada y una temperatura constante se llama calor de vaporización. Cuando el agua líquida se vaporiza, se convierte en vapor. Calentar un líquido hasta que alcance su punto de ebullición es un método de vaporización. La ebullición ocurre cuando se forman burbujas de vapor debajo de la superficie del líquido. El punto de ebullición varía según la presión atmosférica. A mayor presión atmosférica, se necesita más energía para alcanzar el punto de ebullición. Al nivel del mar, el agua hierve al punto de ebullición normal o atmosférico (100 ⁰C o 212 ⁰F). A mayores altitudes, el agua requiere menos energía para hervir. Por ejemplo, el agua hierve a unos 71 ⁰C (160 ⁰F) en el Monte Everest. La evaporación, otro tipo de vaporización, ocurre por debajo del punto de ebullición. En este proceso, las moléculas de agua con suficiente energía cinética para superar las fuerzas intermoleculares escapan de la superficie del agua en forma de vapor. Las moléculas de agua restantes tienen menor energía cinética. Si esto sucede a gran escala, la energía cinética general de la masa líquida disminuye, enfriando el líquido. La sudoración aprovecha el fenómeno de la evaporación para disminuir la temperatura corporal. Cuando la transpiración se evapora del cuerpo, el sudor restante es más frío y ayuda a absorber el calor del cuerpo. Las plantas también utilizan las propiedades evaporativas del agua para ayudar a mover el agua a través de la planta. A escala ambiental, la evaporación del agua es el motor que impulsa el ciclo del agua y gran parte del tiempo y el clima de la Tierra.

Vaporización

La forma física de una sustancia cambia al cambiar su temperatura. Por ejemplo, aumentar la temperatura de un líquido hace que el líquido se vaporice ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Biology

Biología

Fundamentals

Fundamentos

Chemistry of Life

Química de la vida

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

vaporization, boiling, and evaporation

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization.

Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the surface of the liquid. The boiling point changes with atmospheric pressure. With more pressure, more energy is needed to reach the boiling point.

At sea level, water boils at the normal, or atmospheric, boiling point of 100 °C, or 212 °F. At higher elevations, water needs less energy to boil. For example, water boils at about 71 °C, or 160 °F, on Mount Everest. Evaporation is another form of vaporization, but it happens below the boiling point.

During evaporation, water molecules with enough kinetic energy escape from the surface as vapor. The molecules left behind have lower kinetic energy. If evaporation happens on a large scale, the liquid loses overall kinetic energy and cools. Sweat uses this effect to lower body temperature. As perspiration evaporates, the cooler sweat helps absorb heat from the body. Plants also use water’s evaporative properties to move water upward through the plant. On a larger scale, evaporation drives the water cycle and helps shape Earth’s weather and climate.

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

the periodic table and organismal elements

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Periodic Table Basics for Living Things

The periodic table helps explain which elements living things need and how those elements are related. Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all occur naturally, and even fewer are essential for life. Living matter is made mostly of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Together, these elements make up most of the human body and are also found in all life on Earth. Smaller amounts of calcium,...

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covalent bonds

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ionic bonds

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hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen Bonds in Water

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van der waals interactions

Intermolecular Forces in Polar Solutions

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Electron Geometry and Lone Pairs

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chemical reactions

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redox reactions

Electron Transfer in Redox

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cohesion

Water Molecules and Surface Tension

Water molecules stick to each other through cohesion. Water is neutral overall, but it is a polar molecule. The oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge, and it can bind with a hydrogen atom that has a partial positive charge in another water molecule. This forms a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, and these bonds give water its cohesive nature. Cohesion helps water form droplets on a surface. Water does not...

adhesion

Water Climbing by Adhesion

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states of water

Water Phase Changes and Ice Density

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specific heat

How Specific Heat Affects Temperature

Specific heat capacity describes how much energy a substance needs to rise by 1 degree Celsius for each gram. It is often written with calories, grams, and degrees Celsius, but it can also be shown in joules, kilograms, and Kelvin. For water, 1 gram needs 1 calorie to increase by 1°C, which is also written as 1 cal/g-°C or 4186 J/kg/K. Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it takes in a large amount of heat before its temperature changes much. It also gives off a lot of heat when it...

vaporization

Vaporization changes a liquid into vapor when temperature adds enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular forces. It is a surface phenomenon, which means it starts at the liquid’s surface. The energy needed to vaporize a set amount of liquid at a given pressure and constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. Water shows this process clearly. When liquid water is vaporized, it becomes steam. One way this happens is boiling, which occurs when vapor bubbles form beneath the...

solvents

Water as a Biological Solvent

Water acts as a biological solvent in many living systems. A solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves another substance called a solute. When a solvent and a solute mix, they form a solution, which is a uniform mixture of both parts. Water is called a universal biological solvent because its polar structure helps it dissolve many other polar compounds. Polarity means that one side of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other side has a slight negative charge.

carbon skeletons

Carbon Backbones in Biomolecules

Carbon backbones give biological molecules their structure and flexibility. Living things are built from macromolecules that contain carbon atoms, and organic compounds are defined by a carbon backbone. Carbon is tetravalent, so each carbon atom can bond with four other atoms. Its valence electrons are stable, so carbon rarely becomes an ion. As carbon chains get longer, they can form ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains. Carbon-carbon bonds create the carbon skeleton.

key terms and concepts

Explore how heat changes liquids into vapor, including boiling, evaporation, boiling point changes with pressure, cooling from sweat, and the water cycle.

Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation | JoVE K12

JoVE Core series brings biology to life through over 300 concise and easy-to-understand animated video lessons that explain key concepts in biology, plus more than 150 scientist-in-action videos that show actual research experiments conducted in today’s laboratories.

biology

JoVE Core Biología da vida a la biología a través de una serie con más de 300 lecciones de vídeo animadas, concisas y fáciles de entender, que explican conceptos clave de la biología, incluyendo también más de 150 vídeos de científicos en acción, que muestran experimentos reales realizados en laboratorios actuales de investigación.

Alabama Course of Study Science

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.B.1.4.b

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

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Vaporization, Boiling, and Evaporation

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