Name: superconductors and magnetic levitation
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:52.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Physics

PH.9

PH.9.g

Types Of Superconductors

Cuando se coloca un imán permanente sobre cualquier tipo de material superconductor, el imán es repelido y levita en una posición estable debido al efecto Meissner. Los superconductores se clasifican en grupos de Tipo I y Tipo II en función de su comportamiento y características.
Los superconductores de tipo I actúan como conductores cuando funcionan a temperatura ambiente. Sin embargo, cuando se enfría por debajo de la temperatura crítica, el movimiento molecular dentro de la sustancia se reduce, lo que permite que la corriente fluya lo más libremente posible.
Por lo general, consisten en metales puros como mercurio, zinc, aluminio, plomo, etc., y obedecen completamente al efecto Meissner mientras tienen un campo magnético crítico bajo.
Los superconductores de tipo II exhiben una fase intermedia de propiedades ordinarias y superconductoras mixtas a temperaturas y campos intermedios por encima de las fases superconductoras.
Por lo general, comprenden niobio elemental, vanadio, tecnecio y aleaciones metálicas u óxidos complejos.
Los superconductores de tipo II obedecen parcialmente al efecto Meissner y tienen dos campos magnéticos críticos.

<ol>
	<li>OpenStax. (2019). Física Universitaria Vol. 2. [Versión web], págs. 396 - 398. Obtenido de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/9-6-superconductors">https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/9-6-superconductors</a></li>
</ol>

tipos de superconductores

Un superconductor es una sustancia que ofrece una resistencia cero a la corriente eléctrica cuando baja por debajo de una temperatura crítica. La resistencia cero no es el único fenómeno interesante que ocurre cuando los materiales alcanzan sus temperaturas de transición. Otro efecto es la exclusión de campos magnéticos, conocido como el efecto Meissner. Un imán ligero colocado sobre una muestra superconductora levitará en una posición estable por encima del superconductor. Se han desarrollado trenes de alta velocidad que levitan sobre potentes imanes superconductores, eliminando la fricción que normalmente se experimenta entre el tren y las vías. El 3 de abril de 1997, la línea de pruebas Maglev de Yamanashi en Japón se abrió oficialmente, y en abril de 2015, el vehículo de prueba MLX01 alcanzó una velocidad de 374 mph utilizando potentes imanes superconductores. Los superconductores se dividen en superconductores de Tipo I y de Tipo II. Treinta metales puros presentan resistividad cero por debajo de su temperatura crítica y exhiben el efecto Meissner, que es la propiedad de excluir los campos magnéticos del interior del superconductor mientras este está a una temperatura inferior a la temperatura crítica. Estos metales se llaman superconductores de Tipo I. La superconductividad solo existe por debajo de sus temperaturas críticas y por debajo de una fuerza crítica del campo magnético. Los superconductores de Tipo I tienen aplicaciones prácticas limitadas porque la fuerza del campo magnético crítico necesaria para destruir la superconductividad es bastante baja. Los superconductores de Tipo II tienen campos magnéticos críticos mucho más altos y pueden transportar densidades de corriente mucho más altas sin dejar de estar en estado superconductor. Varios cerámicos que contienen bario-cobre-óxido tienen temperaturas críticas mucho más altas para la transición al estado superconductor. Los materiales superconductores que pertenecen a esta subcategoría de superconductores de Tipo II a menudo se clasifican como superconductores de alta temperatura.

Tipos de superconductores

Un superconductor es una sustancia que no ofrece resistencia a la corriente eléctrica cuando cae por debajo de una temperatura crítica. La resistencia cero no es el ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Física

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Electromagnetic Induction

Inducción electromagnética

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

superconductors and magnetic levitation

Superconductors are materials that can carry electric current with zero resistance when they are cooled below a critical temperature. At this point, they also show the Meissner effect, which means they push magnetic fields out of their interior. A light permanent magnet can then levitate in a stable position above the superconducting sample.

This magnetic levitation has real uses. High-speed trains have been built with strong superconducting magnets so they can float above the track and avoid friction. The Yamanashi Maglev test line in Japan opened on April 3, 1997. In April 2015, the MLX01 test vehicle reached 374 mph using strong superconducting magnets.

Superconductors are grouped into Type I and Type II superconductors. Type I superconductors are about thirty pure metals that show zero resistivity below their critical temperature and also display the Meissner effect. They work only below their critical temperature and below a critical magnetic field strength. Because that critical magnetic field is low, Type I superconductors have limited practical use.

Type II superconductors can stay superconducting in much higher magnetic fields. They can also carry much higher current densities while remaining in the superconducting state. Many ceramic superconductors that contain barium-copper-oxide fall into this group. These materials often have much higher critical temperatures, so they are often called high-temperature superconductors.

Superconductors and Magnetic Levitation

induction

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superconductor

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types of superconductors

Superconductors are materials that can carry electric current with zero resistance when they are cooled below a critical temperature. At this point, they also show the Meissner effect, which means they push magnetic fields out of their interior. A light permanent magnet can then levitate in a stable position above the superconducting sample. This magnetic levitation has real uses. High-speed trains have been built with strong superconducting magnets so they can float above the track and avoid...

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lenz's law

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electromagnetic fields

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maxwell's equation of electromagnetism

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symmetry in maxwell's equations

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key terms and concepts

Learn how superconductors show zero resistance, the Meissner effect, and magnetic levitation, then compare Type I and Type II superconductors.

Superconductors and Magnetic Levitation | JoVE K12

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Superconductors and Magnetic Levitation

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