Name: human survival needs in the body
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Biology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes

LS.Bio.3.1

Requirements for Human Life

El cuerpo humano necesita varios factores, como alimentos, oxígeno y agua, así como una gama segura de condiciones físicas, incluida la temperatura corporal y la presión atmosférica para sobrevivir.
Los alimentos se digieren en nutrientes como carbohidratos, proteínas, grasas, vitaminas y minerales. Estos nutrientes proporcionan energía y son esenciales para el crecimiento y desarrollo humano. 
El oxígeno ayuda a producir la energía necesaria para diferentes funciones fisiológicas, a través de reacciones oxidativas. Sin oxígeno, el cuerpo puede sobrevivir solo unos minutos.
El agua es parte de varias reacciones bioquímicas dentro del cuerpo y proporciona un medio para varios procesos, como las secreciones corporales. Debe restablecerse regularmente para compensar el agua perdida a través de la sudoración o la micción.
Se requiere una temperatura corporal de aproximadamente 36 a 37 °C para las enzimas que impulsan las reacciones bioquímicas. Las temperaturas más altas o más bajas que este rango interrumpen estas reacciones.
La presión atmosférica ejercida sobre el cuerpo mantiene disueltos los gases que contiene. En condiciones como las grandes altitudes, la presión atmosférica desciende, afectando la respiración y el intercambio de gases en los pulmones.

requisitos para la vida humana

La Tierra y su atmósfera han proporcionado a los seres humanos aire, agua y comida, pero estos no son los únicos requisitos para la supervivencia. Los seres humanos también requieren un rango específico de temperatura y presión que la Tierra y su atmósfera proporcionan.

Oxígeno

El aire atmosférico contiene sólo alrededor del 20 por ciento de oxígeno, pero ese oxígeno es un componente clave de las reacciones químicas que mantienen vivo al cuerpo, incluidas las reacciones que producen ATP. Las células del cerebro son susceptibles a la falta de oxígeno porque requieren una producción constante y alta de ATP. El daño cerebral es probable en un plazo de cinco minutos sin oxígeno, y la muerte es probable en un plazo de diez minutos.

Nutrientes

Un nutriente es una sustancia en alimentos y bebidas esencial para la supervivencia humana. Las tres clases básicas de nutrientes son agua, nutrientes que proporcionan energía y construyen el cuerpo, y micronutrientes: vitaminas y minerales.

El nutriente más importante es el agua. Las sustancias químicas funcionales del cuerpo se disuelven y se transportan en agua, y las reacciones químicas de la vida tienen lugar en agua. Además, el agua es el componente más significativo de las células, la sangre, y el fluido entre las células y el agua representa aproximadamente el 70 por ciento de la masa corporal de un adulto.

Los nutrientes que proporcionan energía son principalmente carbohidratos y lípidos, mientras que las proteínas suministran los aminoácidos que son los bloques de construcción del cuerpo. Los humanos ingieren estos en alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal y animal, y el sistema digestivo los descompone en moléculas lo suficientemente pequeñas como para ser absorbidas. Los productos de descomposición de carbohidratos y lípidos luego pueden ser utilizados en los procesos metabólicos que los convierten en ATP. El agua y los nutrientes que proporcionan energía también se llaman macronutrientes porque el cuerpo los necesita en grandes cantidades.

Los micronutrientes participan en muchas reacciones químicas y procesos esenciales, como los impulsos nerviosos, y algunos, como el calcio, también contribuyen a la estructura del cuerpo. El cuerpo puede almacenar algunos de los micronutrientes en sus tejidos y utilizar esas reservas si se pierden en la dieta durante unos días o semanas. Otros micronutrientes, como la vitamina C y la mayoría de las vitaminas B, son solubles en agua y no se pueden almacenar. Como resultado, deben consumirse regularmente en una cantidad equilibrada.

Rango estrecho de temperatura

Las reacciones químicas en las que depende el cuerpo solo pueden ocurrir dentro de un rango estrecho de temperatura corporal, desde un poco por debajo hasta un poco por encima de los 37°C (98,6°F). Cuando la temperatura corporal se eleva muy por encima o por debajo de lo normal, ciertas proteínas (enzimas) que facilitan las reacciones químicas pierden su estructura normal y su capacidad para funcionar, y las reacciones químicas del metabolismo no pueden avanzar.

Sin embargo, el cuerpo puede responder eficazmente a la exposición a corto plazo al calor o al frío. Una de las respuestas del cuerpo al calor es la sudoración. A medida que el sudor se evapora de la piel, disipa la energía térmica del cuerpo, enfriándolo.

El cuerpo también puede responder eficazmente a la exposición a corto plazo al frío. Una respuesta al frío son los escalofríos que es un movimiento muscular aleatorio que genera calor.

Rango estrecho de presión atmosférica

La presión atmosférica hace más que simplemente mantener los gases sanguíneos disueltos. La capacidad para respirar también depende de la precisa presión atmosférica. El mal de altura ocurre porque la atmósfera en altitudes elevadas ejerce menos presión, lo que reduce el intercambio de estos gases y causa falta de aliento, confusión, dolor de cabeza, letargia y náuseas.

Este texto se adapta de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-4-requirements-for-human-life">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 1.4: Requirements for Human Life</a>

Requisitos para la vida humana

La Tierra y su atmósfera han proporcionado a los humanos aire, agua y alimentos, pero estos no son los únicos requisitos para la supervivencia. Los seres humanos también requieren un ...

Education

Educación

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomía y Fisiología

Unit 1

Unidad 1

Introduction to the Human Body

Introducción al cuerpo humano

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TÉRMINOS Y CONCEPTOS CLAVE

human survival needs in the body

Human survival depends on air, water, food, a narrow temperature range, and a narrow range of atmospheric pressure. The Earth and its atmosphere provide these conditions, but the body can only function well when they stay within limits.

Oxygen is one of the most important needs. Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen supports the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that make ATP. Brain cells are especially sensitive to a lack of oxygen because they need steady ATP production. Brain damage is likely within five minutes without oxygen, and death is likely within ten minutes.

Nutrients are substances in foods and beverages that are essential for survival. The three basic classes are water, energy-yielding and body-building nutrients, and micronutrients, which include vitamins and minerals. Water is the most critical nutrient. It dissolves and carries the body’s functional chemicals, and many life processes take place in water. Water is also the main component of cells, blood, and the fluid between cells, and it makes up about 70 percent of an adult’s body mass.

Energy-yielding nutrients are mainly carbohydrates and lipids. Proteins provide amino acids, which are the body’s building blocks. Humans get these nutrients from plant and animal foods and from beverages, and the digestive system breaks them into molecules small enough to absorb. The breakdown products of carbohydrates and lipids can then enter metabolic processes that produce ATP. Water and energy-yielding nutrients are called macronutrients because the body needs them in large amounts.

Micronutrients help many essential chemical reactions and processes, including nerve impulses. Some, such as calcium, also support body structure. The body can store some micronutrients in tissues and use those reserves if they are missing from the diet for a few days or weeks. Other micronutrients, including vitamin C and most B vitamins, are water-soluble and cannot be stored well, so they must be eaten regularly in balanced amounts.

Body temperature must also stay in a narrow range. The chemical reactions the body depends on can occur only from just below to just above 37 degrees Celsius, or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. If body temperature rises too high or falls too low, enzymes lose their normal shape and cannot do their jobs, so metabolism cannot continue properly. The body can still respond to short-term heat or cold. Sweating cools the body as sweat evaporates, and shivering creates heat through random muscle movement.

Atmospheric pressure is another requirement for life. It helps keep blood gases dissolved, and it also supports breathing. At high altitude, the atmosphere exerts less pressure, which reduces gas exchange. This can cause altitude sickness, with symptoms such as shortness of breath, confusion, headache, lethargy, and nausea.

Human Survival Needs in the Body

overview of anatomy and physiology

How Anatomy and Physiology Work Together

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requirements for human life

Human survival depends on air, water, food, a narrow temperature range, and a narrow range of atmospheric pressure. The Earth and its atmosphere provide these conditions, but the body can only function well when they stay within limits. Oxygen is one of the most important needs. Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen supports the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that make ATP. Brain cells are especially sensitive to a lack of oxygen...

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Homeostasis keeps the body’s internal conditions stable. The body does this by holding each physiological condition near a set point. A set point is the value around which the normal range changes, and the normal range is the small group of values that is healthiest and most stable. Human body temperature is a common example. Its set point is about 37°C, or 98.6°F, and it can shift a little above or below that point while still staying in range. Negative feedback helps maintain homeostasis.

negative and positive feedback

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abdominal regions and quadrants

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Learn how oxygen, nutrients, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure support human survival, ATP production, and normal body function in high school biology.

Human Survival Needs in the Body | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

Pennsylvania State Academic Standards

Life Science

Structure and Function

3.1.9-12.C

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Life Sciences

From Molecules To Organisms: Structures And Processes

HS-LS1-3

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Cells

Cell structure and function

Cellular processes

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.2

BIO.2.a

BIO.2.c

LS.2

LS.2.b

Minnesota Academic Standards in Science

1.2.1 9L.1.2.1.1

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New Jersey Student Learning Standards for Science

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Arizona Science Standards

HS.L1

HS.L1U1.20

HS+B.L1

HS+B.L1U1.7

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

HS-LS1-2.

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LS.Bio.1.3

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Human Survival Needs in the Body

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