Mole-to-mole Conversions
Mole-to-mole Conversions - Related Videos
02:56
Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds
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2020
Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds Chemical formulas represent the elemental makeup of substances. For covalent compounds, the formula represents the numbers and types of atoms composing a single molecule of the substance; therefore, the formula mass may be correctly referred to as a molecular mass. The molecular formula of chloroform (CHCl3), a covalent compound, indicates that a single molecule contains one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom, and three chlorine atoms. The average molecular mass...
03:12
Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles
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2020
Chemical stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. In addition to measuring quantities of reactants and products using masses for solids and volumes in conjunction with the molarity for solutions; now, the gas volumes can also be used to indicate quantities. If the volume, pressure, and temperature of a gas is known, then the ideal gas equation to calculate how many moles of the gas are present, can be used. Conversely, if the...
03:03
Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions
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2020
Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure. This means that in a mixture containing three different gases A, B, and C, if PA is the partial pressure of gas A; PB is the partial pressure of gas B; PC is the...
02:08
Gene Conversion
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2020
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
02:08
Gene Conversion
0 Views •
2023
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
FAQs
A balanced equation provides the coefficient relationship required for a valid calculation. Each coefficient identifies the relative mole amount of a substance participating in the reaction, so an unbalanced equation could produce an incorrect ratio. Balancing therefore comes before selecting the reactant or product quantities and helps ensure that predicted consumption and formation match the reaction being analyzed.
The ratio must place the desired substance in the numerator and the known substance in the denominator. Multiplying the known mole amount by this fraction cancels the known-substance unit and leaves moles of the target substance. The coefficients come directly from the balanced equation, and reversing the ratio changes the direction of the conversion.
Each pair of substances has its own coefficient ratio in the balanced equation. A known amount of one reactant can therefore be related to a particular product or to another reactant by selecting the corresponding two coefficients. When several quantities are available, comparing their calculated relationships helps determine which reactant controls the reaction outcome.
Moles serve as the connecting step between different chemical quantities. A mass can first be expressed in moles using molar mass, and the mole-to-mole ratio can then relate it to another substance. Depending on the information available, the resulting moles can subsequently be connected with gas volume or particle number using the appropriate relationship.
First, write or identify the balanced chemical equation. Next, record the known amount in moles and the requested substance. Form a coefficient ratio with the requested substance on top, multiply it by the known mole amount, and cancel units. The remaining value gives the corresponding amount in moles of the selected substance.
For a reaction with more than one reactant, each available reactant can be converted into the amount of product it could form. Comparing those product amounts identifies the reactant that supports the smaller formation amount as the limiting reactant. This calculation also indicates how much product the reaction can theoretically produce under the stated conditions.
The coefficient relationships allow chemists to estimate reactant requirements before a reaction and product amounts afterward. A theoretical product amount can be compared with the quantity obtained in the laboratory to interpret the result. Mole-based calculations also provide a consistent basis for connecting measured mass, volume, or particle information with the reaction equation.